Amol Lakare: Really, yeah. Okay.
Amol Lakare: okay, so incident happened. And then a huge amount of mic released in the atmosphere, and people died in a single night. So almost more than 3,000 people died in the night. So it's damage to people right in bhopal gas. Tajali.
Amol Lakare: Sorry Jaipur. Residence definitely huge fuel was lost. Right?
Amol Lakare: That means it's a property loss. And again, in same way, that means actually that smoke because of that fire actually dispersed in the atmosphere. And huge environment impact was there. So all kinds of all 3 types of incidences were there that hazards was there
Amol Lakare: incident that means loss of material in or energy. So
Amol Lakare: when I say, that means, okay, leak happens that definitely, actually hazardous material is coming in the atmosphere that is actually incident. So leak is an incident
Amol Lakare: incidenting, oh, sorry, initiating event.
Amol Lakare: So 1st event of event sequence, that means leak
Amol Lakare: from the pipeline leak in the vessel leak in the equipment.
Amol Lakare: right? So these are actually so leak, or we can say any puncture in the process equipment process units. And those things, these are actually initiating events for the Qra right
Amol Lakare: incident outcome. So incident, outcome, physical manifest manifestation of incident that means whether actually hazardous material is coming in the atmosphere, it will pose risk to the environment.
Amol Lakare: From which kind of things actually, that means whether a toxic release is there? We see. That means Weber cloud exposure. Is there
Amol Lakare: jet fire? Is there or pool fire? Is there? Definitely? There are many more. But I'm just saying here only things
Amol Lakare: so that these are the actually outcome event of incident incident. Right?
Amol Lakare: Then, consequences. So once these incidence outcomes are there. So it's
Amol Lakare: impact zone is till what level that means, till what distance? So I'm saying, that means so vapor cloud exposure happens. But it is affecting the area till what? So? Okay? Just only explosion happens. And it is, it is a damaging to entire facility. Not possible. Right? So definitely how? How big that intensity is there and based on that intensity?
Amol Lakare: It will damage the area. Sometimes it will damage 200 meter area. Sometimes it damage 300 meter area. Sometimes it damage one kilometer area as well.
Amol Lakare: So these are actually
Amol Lakare: these distances are actually consequences. Right like that. Actually, pool fire, flash fire! They felt like, actually, it's a fire. And because of the fire, not only a naked fire, but fire is also emitting some radiation levels. So what is the impact of those radiation levels in the atmosphere? That means it is affecting, or it is actually damaging till what distance?
Amol Lakare: Right? So those distances are called as consequence analysis. Right?
Amol Lakare: So next level is actually likelihood. So likelihood, that means, okay, what we are saying here, initiating event. But how frequently that initiating event will.
Amol Lakare: How that means! What is the chance of that particular initiating event?
Amol Lakare: Right? That is called as actually likelihood.
Amol Lakare: then probability probability means it is always vary from 0 to one. So okay, flammable gas glees from the processing equipment, and it get trapped in a confined area?
Amol Lakare: Right? So this is a scenario. But probability means okay it is not possible that always flammable gas raise and it get exploded. Right?
Amol Lakare: So again, I said, here, actually, there is possibility of just only momentary fire, or
Amol Lakare: sometimes explosion will be there means chances of exploring is also there, and chances of momentary files also there. So this chances is known as actually probability.
Amol Lakare: right as per some guidelines. And those things definitely. It it release rate is also playing very important role in the prediction of probabilities for web cloud exposure. But just a thumb rule.
Amol Lakare: If any flammable material is released and it is forming any flammable cloud, there is a chances of 40% explosion and 60% flash power.
Amol Lakare: Right
Amol Lakare: then these are actually related to consequentialness is probability and likelihood, and those things so and then actually, we have to merge those 2 parameters. That means initiating event
Amol Lakare: and consequence. Sorry likelihood and consequences.
Amol Lakare: Then we'll get actually, risk analysis so recently, risk analysis is development of quantitative
Amol Lakare: estimation of risk based on engineering evolution and mathematical techniques. Right? So these
Amol Lakare: it is simple that that means so what is the chance of that particular incident will may happen. Multiply by. If it happens, then what they actually damage what is actually damage area.
Amol Lakare: So this is actually this.
Amol Lakare: And what is the risk assessment? Definitely. Okay, we need to assess that particular incidences. We need to calculate the risk. And we need to add attack only on those areas where actually, risk is on higher side.
Amol Lakare: And how can we
Amol Lakare: mitigate those mitigate that particular risk? That means high Cvt, or where? Where? In which scenario, actually, which risk is on higher side. We need to focus on those particular incidences. And we have to predicate
Amol Lakare: Or we need to protect that that particular incidences so that it will not happen. Or if it happened, then definitely, we should have some mitigation plan or your action plan, so that actually, incidents or damage to people will
Amol Lakare: not be there.
Amol Lakare: So these are actually risk assessment techniques.
Amol Lakare: So if you have any doubt if you any concern you. Please stop me, and you can always, ask me a question. No problem perfectly fine.
Amol Lakare: So difference in qualitative and quantitative assessment. As I said, that means there are 2 techniques, are there. Hazop is actually, Hazop is used for actually how to keep the hazardous material in the process. Understand? And actually hazardous material is in process definitely, it don't have any risk, but once it is coming in the atmosphere, then definitely, it will start showing its nature. Right?
Amol Lakare: So fuel. And those things definitely storage inventory is there actually storage tanks are there until it is
Amol Lakare: inside, or we can say, contain it is safe. But once actually, it is open to atmosphere. Then definitely, actually, somebody if it catches with an existing source definitely, massive incidence incidences will be there.
Amol Lakare: So this quality qualitative risk assessment techniques and quantitative risk assessment techniques. What are those qualitative and quantitative? That means, okay, generally based on all risk
Amol Lakare: for all projects. That means we can apply qualitative risk assessment techniques for all the projects.
Amol Lakare: Okay, irrespective of the actually chemical industries, cement industries and those things. But quantity assessment technique. Definitely.
Amol Lakare: we have actually some restriction on those things so definitely, where are actually chemical liquid chemicals and gaseous chemicals? Are there. For that, only actually, we can apply
Amol Lakare: quantitative risk assessment technique based on the type of project the project risk and ability of the data to use right
Amol Lakare: subjective relation of probability and
Amol Lakare: its impact. So it's actually subjective version. That means we are not calculating exact numbers on those things. So as actually it's a qualitative risk assessment.
Amol Lakare: Definitely, actually, range. That means, okay, we are saying, only hazard is in moderate level. Hazard is in higher side. Hazard is in lower side, but we are not quantify exactly what.
Amol Lakare: How much hazard is there? Actually, okay, if this particular incident happened, it will it will have actually, because of these particular incidences. There, there might be 2 people died
Amol Lakare: right, that quantification is not there.
Amol Lakare: whereas in quantity, risk, assessment, technique, definitely probability, probabilistic estimation of time and cost. Again.
Amol Lakare: it is very time, consuming as actually we are doing all detail modelings. And those things definitely, actually, time and cost is also very important
Amol Lakare: year or so qualitative risk assessment techniques quick and easy perform as actually just. Only way to predict whether risk is falling in low, medium, high or extreme. That is, actually, it is very easy easy task.
Amol Lakare: but for quantity 2 definitely we need to assess all the parameters. We need to assess the quantity of releasing that mospear. And those things, then, how much area it can be damaged and those things that need to be calculated. So it is actually, in other words, it is actually time taking process
Amol Lakare: right for qualitative risk assessment techniques. Definitely. Softwares are there
Amol Lakare: in market. Softwares are there? But these softwares are only for noting down the discussion on those things. So specialized software is not required for conducting qualitative risk assessment techniques.
Amol Lakare: Whereas actually for quantitative risk assessment techniques. Yes, I I agree,
Amol Lakare: we can conduct Qra. Quality qualitative discussment techniques by simple ex simple excel as well. That means or we can say paper calculations as well. But
Amol Lakare: similar kind of calculations. Actually, we need to do in a very large number. And that means it is really difficult to
Amol Lakare: do these calculations by hand.
Amol Lakare: So it will if we take if we do this calculations by hand, and if it actually to close, or to complete one simple project it will take might be 6 months, or if refunded, and those things are there, it might take one and a half years as well.
Amol Lakare: never possible, not not below that one. Actually.
Amol Lakare: So that means definitely actually specialized softwares are required to conduct quantitative risk assessment techniques. Right? So what are actually some examples of qualitative risk assessment techniques.
Amol Lakare: So Hazop has a fema. That means hazop. That means hazardous operability study
Amol Lakare: hazard. That means hazard identification fema. That means failure, effect, mode, analysis, border analysis. It's well known. That means, okay, in both analysis, one top event is there. And what are actually causes for that? That top event is called actually threats.
Amol Lakare: And second thing, that positive event side.
Amol Lakare: Right? So what are actually consequence? Worst case consequence, that is actually it looks like, actually both.
Amol Lakare: And these are actually for that study. It is called. Actually bota analysis. Again.
Amol Lakare: software specialized software is not required.
Amol Lakare: Then what if? Analysis it is actually similar to Hazop has up only, but okay, if for the condition that directly we have to ask a question, what if this condition happens
Amol Lakare: so like that? Actually?
Amol Lakare: And then we have to complete that particular study.
Amol Lakare: whereas actually for quantitative risk assessment techniques. Qra Fng mapping study, Qra. That means quantitative risk assessment Fng fire and gas mapping building risk assessment techniques.
Amol Lakare: Rb, address, based inspection facility to 13.
Amol Lakare: Right? Still, safety integrity level, right? So sill actually generally, falls under semi quantitative addresses
Amol Lakare: and not originally full quantitative right?
Amol Lakare: These are actually names of quantitative risk assessment techniques.
Amol Lakare: So what is Qa, right?
Amol Lakare: So okay, we are not discussing all those studies. But in this lecture, actually, we are discussing only about the Qra. So what is Qra in a lemon language? In a very simple language.
Amol Lakare: we need to predict the risk to the people if they expose for hazardous chemical exposed. That means okay, somehow. Actually, the hazardous chemical released in that mosquire, then what is the what is the risk of that particular release chemical to the people working in the area?
Amol Lakare: Right?
Amol Lakare: Then, what will be the fire dispersion effect in the surrounding. Ultimately, okay, how can we predict the risk? So definitely, we need to check the dispersion
Amol Lakare: of that particular gases. Or we can say, vapors so liquid will not pose any risk. Right?
Amol Lakare: Ultimately, liquid will absorb the heat from the surrounding ground suns and those things, and then definitely, it will start
Amol Lakare: vaporization.
Amol Lakare: So where I send it.
Amol Lakare: vaporation rate will increases, and then that web vapors will disperse in the atmosphere, and those vapors
Amol Lakare: vapor concentration is having a severe impact. That means if it is falling in ideal age, if it is toxic in nature, or if
Amol Lakare: the concentration of vapors fall in allele. That means lower camopaty level limit, and if any ignition source is there, then definitely it will have a fire incidents.
Amol Lakare: So till what distance those vapors are traveling
Amol Lakare: in the atmosphere or in the surrounding that need to be predicted.
Amol Lakare: And finally, what is the frequency of those accidents happen in the facility.
Amol Lakare: So likelihood.
Amol Lakare: as I said, that means, okay, this is the combination of the 2 factor consequences which is actually predicted in second stage, and then failure. Frequency. That means it is predicted in 3rd stage.
Amol Lakare: So why Qa.
Amol Lakare: so definitely? Qa, that means, wherever actually, we are handling, or in the facility, handling very high highly flammable chemicals, flammable chemicals, explosive, combustible
Amol Lakare: flammable dust toxics, then definitely Qa is applicable
Amol Lakare: now as per the guideline definitely, if combustible chemicals handling, then, which has actually, from a flash point above 65 degrees. As yes.
Amol Lakare: so definitely for that case, Qra is not applicable.
Amol Lakare: But why, actually, I'm putting here combustible chemical as we know that it's a chemical industry. So we never know that means which chemical will operate. At which temperature. So if a combustible fluid liquid is operating at higher temperature.
Amol Lakare: then definitely its vapor velocity will increase. And because of these things definitely it. Its class will alter.
Amol Lakare: So at normal room temperature, that particular chemical is treated, treated as a combustible when but when it
Amol Lakare: operates at higher temperature, then definitely, it might be falling flammable category, or it might be falling high flame highly flammable category. And just giving one example that thermic fluid oil. Right?
Amol Lakare: So why thermic food is oil oil you generally use in the industries. So where actually steam and those things are there and high very high temperature is required in the process definitely. Steams. Heat transfer coefficient is not advisable. In that case thermic oil, fluoride oil is used.
Amol Lakare: So what is the operating temperature of the thermic fuel oil.
Amol Lakare: so it might be 300. It might be 400°C. Right
Amol Lakare: at room temperature. Thermic fluid oil is not catching any fire.
Amol Lakare: but it's auto. Ignition temperature is around 300 to 400 degrees, and we are operating at that temperature. So once it once there is a leak in the thermic oil fluid system.
Amol Lakare: and
Amol Lakare: it is already at the auto ignition temperature. Once it comes in atmosphere and comes in contact with oxygen, it will immediately catch the fire.
Amol Lakare: So again it comes. That means, okay. That combustable category is converted into a highly flammable category got it.
Amol Lakare: And these are actually does those chemicals. Or we can say those operating conditions we need to identify. And then we are to consider that as well for
Amol Lakare: analysis, purpose.
Amol Lakare: plane handling of the hazardous process, such as high pressure in the process, runaway reactions, high temperature in the process, and those things. So ultimately.
Amol Lakare: we are discussing about high pressure and high temperature
Amol Lakare: runaway. I'm just laying next to this thing. Actually, why, actually, high temperature and high pressure.
Amol Lakare: As I said, that means okay, situation. So if any storage tank is operating at atmospheric conditions definitely, in case of any over pressure definitely actually chances of the over pressure in the storage tank it very rare
Amol Lakare: unless an anti-active flammable chemical is stored in the chemical storage tank.
Amol Lakare: But if
Amol Lakare: air receiver or we can say instrumentation air systems receiver, so it's operating. Pressure is around 7 kg, per cm, square gauge or sometimes 10 kg, per cm, square gauge. It depends on the process conditions of those things. Right?
Amol Lakare: So because of the high pressure, high, static energy, definitely normal. Normal air is converted into flammable, or we can say hazardous conditions
Amol Lakare: because of associated static energy in the in that particular system.
Amol Lakare: Okay? So if somehow, actually, compressor get compressor is not
Amol Lakare: stopped at particular temperature definitely, it will start feeding air to the air receiver and pressure will increase more than its design pressure, equipments, design pressure, and ultimately it will rupture. That means
Amol Lakare: physical explosion of that particular equipment. Air receiver will be there. And because of the physical explosion. Ultimately, it's a physical. That means it's an explosion only
Amol Lakare: it will generate the shock waves and damage nearby areas. And these are actually, this incident may happen
Amol Lakare: high temperature and those things definitely. And no need to explain about the high temperature. As we know, that means our skin, our body is not suitable for those things. If any person exposed for even a steam definitely he way, he will face actually body injuries and those things. So
Amol Lakare: and last, one actually runaway reaction. So we never predict such a reactions on those things. So if runaway reaction happened definitely at at what level or at what? Yeah, at what level? Actually, pressure is going to build in the reactor. It's really difficult to say
Amol Lakare: right again
Amol Lakare: after run every reaction which path it will follow. There are many side reactions, are there? So you
Amol Lakare: it will follow path BCD, network. No. So definitely, we need to
Amol Lakare: analyze all those cases and definitely worst case need to identify. And then we should prepare for that worst case situation
Amol Lakare: so it might
Amol Lakare: release huge energy in the from the reaction exothermic reactions and or high pressure. That means because of the side reactions. And those things. Huge amount of gas is in the atmosphere.
Amol Lakare: We never know. That means okay, what is actually properties of that. 3rd gas, 3rd component.
Amol Lakare: So side, that means negative studies need to be conducted here and then those runaway reactions. Prediction need to be
Amol Lakare: analyzed.
Amol Lakare: And then actually, we have to. Consider these others as well in the process. Or we can say, study
Amol Lakare: high outside populations on site populations. And those things. Yes, ultimately, actually, we are calculating this to people.
Amol Lakare: So today, actually, okay, my industry setup is small but and same capacities there. But okay, after say, 5 years definitely now, I got much
Amol Lakare: I becomes actually much financially strong. And then the pet. I just took a that means. So I just wanted to install one more, plant another plant
Amol Lakare: for that. Actually, we need to add some more, one manpower in the same facility.
Amol Lakare: So even actually risk
Amol Lakare: reset up, or we can say processing setup for plan a is same. But now, after 5 years, the manpower. Or we can say, people working around that particular facility is
Amol Lakare: more. And because of this actually, risk will be on higher side. If any incident happened in the planting, that means previous plant.
Amol Lakare: So after every interval interval, we need to conduct a Qra with updated manpower.
Amol Lakare: Such a requirement. And those things, yes, as per the government
Amol Lakare: requirement. And those things for each and every product approval. Stage QR. Study is mandatory.
Amol Lakare: and where? Actually it is applicable. No, not for all. If cement industries there, actually it might not. It might not be required.
Amol Lakare: If solid chemicals all solid chemicals are applicable in the facility or production, then definitely, Qa is not applicable. But where, actually these flammable chemicals, solvents, and those things that means fluids
Amol Lakare: are applicable. That's the yes, definitely. Actually, Qa is applicable.
Amol Lakare: And other users are actually okay. Once you conduct this QR study
Amol Lakare: you can use this particular study for layout validation, aware of the consequences. Okay, if any consequence happen the maximum distance is because of these chemicals and those things. So we need to give alert till that level, in case of any leak happens
Amol Lakare: aware about the next levels and those things so definitely our
Amol Lakare: capacity is falling in high risk zone, low risk zone or moderate zone that we can booty
Amol Lakare: from the Qa.
Amol Lakare: To prevent or mitigate the consequences. So as we know, that means, okay, if huge risk is there, actually, we can identify those high risk scenarios. And then we should have or we can have, we are better prepared for
Amol Lakare: that particular incident. If that particular incidents happened, then definitely we have answer for
Amol Lakare: that particular incidence.
Amol Lakare: So definitely we can reduce the impact. Or we can say, reduce the
Amol Lakare: intensity of that particular scenario
Amol Lakare: and insurance purpose as we know that risk is falling on lower side.
Amol Lakare: Then we need to
Amol Lakare: pay less insurance to the people insurance agencies, or if risk is on a higher side, then definitely, actually.
Amol Lakare: insurance amount is on higher side.
Amol Lakare: It's a simple thought risk analysis concept.
Amol Lakare: So it is very simple concept, what can go wrong. What are the causes? What are the consequences, and how likely it is, as I said in previous slides?
Amol Lakare: Same thing. It is here. Actually. So what are the causes? That means? Okay, I need to. predict the causes, or why leak will happen in the system. So these are the causes. Then what are the consequences? Consequence? That means, okay. Leak. Once it leak, happen.
Ketan Kevadiya: What is.
Amol Lakare: Then distances are.
Ketan Kevadiya: When you have the seat again.
Amol Lakare: Till what level.
Ketan Kevadiya: Change, chemistry change everything. This is the idea behind. It
Ketan Kevadiya: is a new type of specialty chemistries company.
Amol Lakare: Hello, Kathan. Yeah.
Amol Lakare: Okay.
Amol Lakare: So consequence. That means, as I said, that means, okay. If any chemical sorry if any leak happens in the others process equipment. Then, definitely, those chemicals will come in the atmosphere. And then how much area it is going to damage. So this is the consequence. Analysis, and how likely it is. It is actually a likelihood calculation of that particular
Amol Lakare: scenario. Or we can say, cause.
Amol Lakare: So this is actually gender step, or we can say methodology of the Qrs, so definitely, generally. If any Qsr is there site visit, or it is always good. That means, okay, just visit the site. Then understand the process process thoroughly.
Amol Lakare: Then, data collection on those things definitely. Whatever ignition sources are there that need to be
Amol Lakare: collected immediately, then. how the area that means whether the site is very congested or not. How the site is corroded or not. That need to be taken from the site. Visit observations
Amol Lakare: then required document. That means, okay. Pfd, Pnr Pnris. Then equipment debt equipment drawings.
Amol Lakare: Then layouts.
Amol Lakare: populations, details, and those things. All those data need to be collected during the site visit. And then.
Amol Lakare: once, actually, we come in that office.
Amol Lakare: basic assumption register need to be prepared. As I say, that means, okay, this we are installing the new facility. Or we are doing Qra study.
Amol Lakare: Considering that means okay, leak happens in the system. Leak may happens in the system. And if it happens, then what are what is actually this criminal element is there that means, as of now, leak is not happened.
Amol Lakare: So this is the hypothetical study, and these are many assumptions involved. But definitely we need to. Consider those assumptions with some guidelines.
Amol Lakare: Right? So what assumptions are there that is already mentioned in the further slides next slide, then, has identification
Amol Lakare: right? As I said, that means, okay. I, I generally use the one word scenario scenario. What is the scenario? Actually, it is a hazard equation. So wherever actually we are handling with the hazardous material.
Amol Lakare: those all scenarios, or we can say those all parts need to be identified. And each part is called as actually scenario
Amol Lakare: in a simple language.
Amol Lakare: frequency, analysis for each and every scenario, or we can say each and every that particular part
Amol Lakare: frequency. That means chances of the failure in that particular section need to be identified
Amol Lakare: right? How to do that will be discussed in next slides.
Amol Lakare: Consequence, analysis, these 2 steps, failure, frequency, analysis and consequence analysis. These are the parallel stage steps.
Amol Lakare: Once, actually, these 2 parallel stage steps conducted. Yeah, yeah, I already.
Amol Lakare: Oh, sorry
Amol Lakare: here already I shown here frequency, analysis, and consequence. These are the parallel stage, right?
Amol Lakare: And then actually, after that risk, determination is there.
Amol Lakare: So definitely. It's actually combination of these 2 factors.
Amol Lakare: and then risk will be calculated for that particular scenario and then risk assessment that this determination has to be conducted for all the parts, or we can say all that particular sections, hazardous sections, or all scenarios
Amol Lakare: has to be completed.
Amol Lakare: then assessment. That means, okay. This need to be calibrated, which one is actually contributing the highest side. And then
Amol Lakare: whether actually, this is falling in high, low medium that need to be considered. That means again, for that. Actually, for that judgment, actually, definitely, some standard guideline has to be there.
Amol Lakare: Right? So what is this criteria? Actually, we need to opt. So that is actually very important thing. And then, if risk is in risk is in unacceptable, that means or higher side.
Amol Lakare: We need to propose some mitigation measures and revisit the risk again, same way.
Amol Lakare: What is the impact of that additional mitigation measures.
Amol Lakare: whether actually it is falling. that means ultimate risk is falling in acceptable or a lab level or not.
Amol Lakare: or in a simple language, actually, it is falling in moderate level or accept acceptable level.
Amol Lakare: Right?
Amol Lakare: If it is following in those 2 levels. Yes, okay, then we can stop there and then. Finally, we can
Amol Lakare: say it is a complete.
Amol Lakare: That's the race completed
Amol Lakare: ultimately. So this risk erosion is is in the form of
Amol Lakare: 2 factors. One is actually individual risk.
Amol Lakare: And one is actually socialities. So what is individual risk? What is societies that will be discussed in the next slides for the slides? And if those falls in a higher risk.
Amol Lakare: categories or higher. This level, then, definitely, we need to add additional mitigation measures. These are the scenarios recombinations.
Amol Lakare: So I say that means assumption. So what assumptions so release direction, so leak may happens in horizontal leak. May happens in vertical leak, may happens in incline position. We cannot predict
Amol Lakare: where the leak will happen in the piping, in the equipment leak may happen if it, if it. If any equipment is, there, leak may happens in the descent leak may happens in the body of that particular equipment.
Amol Lakare: Leak may happens in the bottom. Descend
Amol Lakare: right? So everybody. It is possible. But
Amol Lakare: worst case, which one is the worst case that need to be predicted. And same thing. Actually, we need to consider for the study.
Amol Lakare: So that is the thing right?
Amol Lakare: Then. Horizontal.
Amol Lakare: Sorry for historical
Amol Lakare: frequency data analysis. So so already, some in some organizations are there. Actually, they have started
Amol Lakare: collecting the data Gl data of the industries.
Amol Lakare: and they publish the failure frequencies. So some of the name of those organizations already I have mentioned here, Ogp, so oil and gas producers.
Amol Lakare: So this organization actually, collect the data of oil and gas producers.
Amol Lakare: And what is the philippency because of the oil and gas producers they have mentioned in their database.
Amol Lakare: So chances of the
Amol Lakare: pinhole chances of the Medium League size, chances of the small leak, chances of the large leak chances of the rupture they have clearly mentioned there in their guideline.
Amol Lakare: Again, in the equipment, different parallel frequencies there in the process, piping different parallel frequencies there in the pipeline going outside our facility. Outside the chemical industries, like actually long pipelines.
Amol Lakare: they have actually filler different filler frequencies. The facility which is actually inside C
Amol Lakare: upside offshore. Qvs of those same. So definitely because of the surrounding area corrosion rate is increasing. And in because of that actually failure, frequency for offshore facility.
Amol Lakare: which is actually in the sea is a different
Amol Lakare: right. So all those value frequency. Already it is mentioned in the Ogp guidelines, oil and gas producers. Hcrd, same things is there actually. But body is different.
Amol Lakare: Hydrocarbon release database.
Amol Lakare: Cpr. 18, actually, this Cpr. 18, e guideline is for Qra it well defined methodology it it is having actually well defined methodology for Qra.
Amol Lakare: published by Netherland.
Amol Lakare: and in the same guideline Dha mentioned pillar frequencies for piping, pillar frequencies of equipment, failure, frequencies of compressor and all those things.
Amol Lakare: So definitely you can use this database as well.
Amol Lakare: Ej, is a European gas, and United Kingdom
Amol Lakare: again, these are actually gas pipeline and gas pipeline filler frequency egig is for gas, pipeline and eucopa is for oil filler frequency.
Amol Lakare: These guidelines are developed by, eg. Eg. That means European gas European countries, and Uk, that means United Kingdom
Amol Lakare: so appropriate guideline guidelines we have to choose and then proceed for fillet frequency.
Amol Lakare: It's similar.
Amol Lakare: It is really difficult to use the exact failure frequency rate. That means, okay, industrial failure frequency rate.
Amol Lakare: Why.
Amol Lakare: okay, if I said here any equipment. So if in that particular indices, that particular equipment is not there is no any leak in that particular equipment.
Amol Lakare: But in other industries that particular incidents happened already happened.
Amol Lakare: So we can't predict that means, okay, this. This incident cannot happen. In this industry. In the future. It might possible that leak may happen in the equipment.
Amol Lakare: These are individual chemical filler frequency database should not be used for this step.
Amol Lakare: Right?
Amol Lakare: Occupancy
Amol Lakare: again, indoor occupancy and outdoor occupancy. Why, actually, it is important. So I'm I'm sitting inside the building. So in case of any fire incidents in the outs outside the building, then, definitely, because of concrete nature of the building
Amol Lakare: impact
Amol Lakare: of that radiation or impact of that fire is very minimum to those people who are seat inside the building.
Amol Lakare: right means risk level to inside people will be different. And this level to outside people will be different.
Amol Lakare: So that factor is very important.
Amol Lakare: Right?
Amol Lakare: Then damage criteria.
Amol Lakare: So again, I said here, actually, consequences of fire, consequences of ore pressures, consequences of the toxic right? But okay, I need to measure that concentration as well. So if I said that toxic release. But
Amol Lakare: Tlv level concentration will not puddle
Amol Lakare: right? Okay, it will create some disorders in the persons and those things. But fertility level is very less.
Amol Lakare: But if the person exposed for adlage, ideal age, level concentration.
Amol Lakare: then definitely, there is a possibility of fertility.
Amol Lakare: and if higher concentration is there, then definitely it might have. Okay. If address level concentration, then definitely, if that particular concentration inal by a person, there is a possibility of death in a 1 h. Sorry 30 min.
Amol Lakare: But
Amol Lakare: if the concentration in that area is on higher side, then definitely person should not expose for he should not wait for 30 min definitely the adverse impact, and he may fatal in 5 to 10 min only.
Amol Lakare: Right? So time time is also very important, and consent is also very important.
Amol Lakare: Same thing for fire relation. So if an incident happened, pool fire is there.
Amol Lakare: So pool fire. That means okay, liquid chemical from a pool. And then if any indigen source is there, then it will catch a fire. And it looks like, actually
Amol Lakare: burning of pool
Amol Lakare: right? And it will emit some radiation levels. And those things. So if any person far almost about say, 2025 meter or 30 meters. Then, definitely, you will not expose for a particular radiation level.
Amol Lakare: and he he is safe.
Amol Lakare: But the person who is close to that pool
Amol Lakare: fire area. Then definitely they will expose the higher radiation level.
Amol Lakare: And there is possibility of fatal fertility
Amol Lakare: to those people who is near to that area near to the profile.
Amol Lakare: right? So radiation level that is, that criteria is also very important. That means which radiation level we need to measure. That is also very important.
Amol Lakare: Same thing that means exposure.
Amol Lakare: So different different shock waves will have different different adverse impacts.
Amol Lakare: Right? So those things will be clearly mentioned in the assumption register, and ultimately, actually what this
Amol Lakare: measurements will be there. So Irpa, that means individual risk per annum criteria, individual risk per annum criteria
Amol Lakare: and societal risk. Sr. Or, if incur, at least it is one of the same thing
Amol Lakare: frequency versus number of fertility.
Amol Lakare: and it is plotted on the Xy type
Amol Lakare: plot, and it is known as actually F and car.
Amol Lakare: So has identification.
Amol Lakare: So hazard indication is very important stage as actually, if we miss a single hazard. That means actually, we are targeting risk on lesser side. And that is not advisable. That is not good. Right?
Amol Lakare: So generally, definitely, actually, we need to consider all storage tanks, or wherever actually flammable chemicals, toxic chemicals are stored. All chemical, all storage equipments rather than only storage tanks. Equipments need to be considered. It might be process vessel. It might be storage vessel.
Amol Lakare: It might be a reaction vessel, so definitely we need to consider all those equipments.
Amol Lakare: transportation of
Amol Lakare: the hazardous chemical so definitely stationary vessel having different consequences. And if any kinetic energy involved, then definitely hazards are on different side.
Amol Lakare: right? So all pumps which carries actually flammable chemicals need to be considered for the study.
Amol Lakare: This is thumb rule.
Amol Lakare: And sometimes, what am I doing definitely equipment? Is there huge huge plant? Is there
Amol Lakare: isolation walls? Are there right? Isolation walls? That means if any leak happens, then definitely, actually, a person who is sitting sit in the control room, he can initiate shutdown.
Amol Lakare: And sections are isolated.
Amol Lakare: So those Esdv walls need to be identified, and that section is considered as a 1 scenario, and those scenarios can be considered for the Qrsd
Amol Lakare: right? And this can be calculated for all the things
Amol Lakare: so definitely simple. Then, as I said, that means okay, and scope need to be covered. Any serial missing is not considered is not advisable. That means that particular study is actually not done correctly.
Amol Lakare: Right.
Amol Lakare: as we know that
Amol Lakare: this is actually software best study, you just put any value to the software definitely, software will calculate it's a mathematical things, right? So it will put that file software will put that value in the equations, and it will give some results.
Amol Lakare: Right? So you have to.
Amol Lakare: You have to go through those all results. And then we need to predict that means whether these results are right or wrong.
Amol Lakare: So definitely, experience, experience is very important here.
Amol Lakare: So avoid this garbage in and garbage out. So take input from the in industry levels, the industry persons. And same input has to be put in the
Amol Lakare: software which import system pressure temperature release rates.
Amol Lakare: inventory populations, English and sources. And those things. So these are actually basic thing that may basic inputs required to the software.
Amol Lakare: So system pressure temperature, even actually, system pressure and temperature. We have feed to the system.
Amol Lakare: But software is actually simply calculating release rate as per pressure temperature and chemical nature. That means
Amol Lakare: fleet properties.
Amol Lakare: right? Simple, actually as per total magnetic engine equation application. And then it will get a release rate.
Amol Lakare: But whether actually that release rate is right or wrong.
Amol Lakare: so that need to be checked
Amol Lakare: process flow rate is different. And if system or software is given different release rate. Then, definitely, we need to correct that particular scenario with the process flow rate and then proceed
Amol Lakare: invented calculation. That means, okay,
Amol Lakare: software is giving, say, if leak happens and isolation, time is, say, after, say, 10 min, isolation may happens
Amol Lakare: right, but in the system or in the facility that much inventory is not there.
Amol Lakare: So I only one kale vessel, one meter cube vessel
Amol Lakare: right, and if a large leak happens in that particular vessel as part of the calculation on those things. 2 meter cube inventory is coming in. That must be. But the vessel only one meter cube inventory is there? So definitely, we need to consider actual inventory for the list calculations.
Amol Lakare: So leather actually garbage in and garbage out. These are the some examples I am discussing here nothing else.
Amol Lakare: So ignition, source. Where actually, ignition source is there actually, if it is near, very near Ignition Source? Is there, then, definitely.
Amol Lakare: whatever actually flammable cloud is that it will ignited immediately, and consequences are very short, limited. But
Amol Lakare: if fully developed cloud is there, and then, if we find some ignition source, then definitely, it might have a massive exposure.
Amol Lakare: so that time consequences are different.
Amol Lakare: So location of ignition source is also very important.
Amol Lakare: So other indiviction is just now. Actually, we are discussing, then
Amol Lakare: leak size. This is actually overall these things, right? So just naturally, we have discussed other identification process.
Amol Lakare: Consequence, analysis, right? So consequence. That means I'm just going previous slide. So consequence analysis comes on after actually leaks in a leak, low leak size identifications on those things. So how can we choose the leak size? I said. Here pinhole.
Amol Lakare: smallly Medium League, largely ruptured.
Amol Lakare: So definitely which guideline we are using for this study. So in that particular guideline, we have clearly mentioned what leak size need to be considered. If you are applying. Cpr. 18, E. Purple book, guideline
Amol Lakare: so, and purple book guideline having different leak sizes, and Ogp having different leak sizes. So in that case definitely you cannot apply fillet frequency of purple book guidelines and leak sizes of Ogp.
Amol Lakare: right? So what are actually leak sizes mentioned in that particular guideline that need to be considered right.
Amol Lakare: Discharge model. Then, definitely
Amol Lakare: it's a basic model. And for that model, actually, definitely, we need to feed leak sizes and process parameter process parameter as I discussed, that means temperature pressure, and which chemical is there in the
Amol Lakare: in that particular equipment that need to be fit to the software based on this information
Amol Lakare: and leak size discharge, model discharge model. We work, and it gives liquid.
Amol Lakare: That means how much quantity of hazardous material is coming in the atmosphere. At what rate it is coming in the atmosphere.
Amol Lakare: Right weather, criteria.
Amol Lakare: So weather criteria is also very important thing. That means,
Amol Lakare: as I said, it's completely a dispersion phenomena. So the media here is air.
Amol Lakare: So if the speed of air increases, dispersion rate will be on higher side.
Amol Lakare: and water. Actually hazardous. Motel is in. The atmosphere is released in the atmosphere, it will disperse rapidly.
Amol Lakare: and consequences are not that much so
Amol Lakare: correct choose of wind. Speed is also very important. So as per guideline definitely as we have to consider one minimum weather condition and one moderate weather conditions.
Amol Lakare: right. So minimum weather conditions. That means 1.5
Amol Lakare: meter per seconds or 2 meter per seconds. These, these are actually minimum wind speed generally observed in the facility
Amol Lakare: right? And maximum. That means, okay, generally the for Qrs. 3, 5. Meter queue. Oh, sorry. 5. Meter per second wind. Speed is considered for this
Amol Lakare: study purpose.
Amol Lakare: But definitely, you can always, check
Amol Lakare: location, specific weather data and choose 2 weather speeds and proceed the study right
Amol Lakare: then consequence, estimation. But for consequence, estimation, purpose. We need to add one more parameter that is actually damage criteria. That means
Amol Lakare: what is actually criterion line or croterium concentration or carrotarian radiation levels that need to be
Amol Lakare: is submitted first.st And those details need to be forwarded to software so that it will calculate for that level that may that damage distance will be calculated for that levels
Amol Lakare: right? And then this consequence, analysis, step will be there. So what is consequence? Analysis
Amol Lakare: for that actually very important thing. That means, if quantity of hazardous material.
Amol Lakare: how much quantity of hazardous material coming in the atmosphere, how can we predict?
Amol Lakare: So it is.
Amol Lakare: really difficult thing, right? So as per purple book guideline, they have clearly mentioned, if detection system is there that there are 3 detection systems. sorry. Not detection system
Amol Lakare: blocking systems out there. So blocking system that means
Amol Lakare: leak. Detectors are already there. Gas detectors are already there, or flammable detectors are already there in case of any leak happens in the equipment. Facility.
Amol Lakare: Gas will sense by those detectors.
Amol Lakare: They will generate alarm. And
Amol Lakare: then our solution will be proceeded.
Amol Lakare: Now that isolation, how that isolation will be there.
Amol Lakare: So if it is automatic oscillation, that means okay, detector will generate our RAM and immediate.
Amol Lakare: They will send a signal to control wall to close them.
Amol Lakare: That means here. Actually, there is no any human intervention.
Amol Lakare: So for this entire process, 2 min are required. Semi automatic isolation. That means, okay, there are. There is actually many way, many times, possibility of false signal is there?
Amol Lakare: And to avoid unnecessary plan shutdown.
Amol Lakare: There is one more step is involved in the action. That means
Amol Lakare: verification of that algorithm is right or wrong.
Amol Lakare: right? And that for extra step additional 8 min are required.
Amol Lakare: So in 1st stage 2 min assertion, time is there in second stage.
Amol Lakare: It's actually 10 min assertion. Time is there?
Amol Lakare: And for Thursday yes, all detection. And verification is same thing.
Amol Lakare: But isolation is not from the control room isolation. Actually, the person will go to exact location.
Amol Lakare: and then he will close manual isolation. Wall in the facility.
Amol Lakare: But in previous 2 cases, definitely, actually, isolation walls closed from control room.
Amol Lakare: But if any isolation wall is not there, then definitely
Amol Lakare: person can person has to go to site, and then he has to take a
Amol Lakare: he has to take an action that means he has to manually close all those walls, Mandy.
Amol Lakare: and these are actually another 28 min will be there. So for manualization, philosophy.
Amol Lakare: 30 min isolation time is considered as per the guidelines.
Amol Lakare: Right?
Amol Lakare: This is actually dynamic inventory. That means till the isolation happen. With the same flow rate, with the same temperature process. That means, with the same process, parameter.
Amol Lakare: Hazardous material is continuously released in the atmosphere. But once isolation happen so definitely. Actually, there is no any new chemical
Amol Lakare: addition in the in that particular section.
Amol Lakare: and what is actually blocked section that is only coming out in the atmosphere.
Amol Lakare: so that they actually hold up inventory after isolation.
Amol Lakare: or we can say static inventory after a session.
Amol Lakare: So that static inventory also need to be calculated.
Amol Lakare: and total inventory will be addition of dynamic inventory plus static inventory.
Amol Lakare: So dynamic environment means isolation time, either 2 min, 10 min or 30 min multiplied by release rate
Amol Lakare: from that particular leak size plus static inventory.
Amol Lakare: Right? Suppose if any piping having length of 2, 200 meter.
Amol Lakare: and it has a diameter around, it's a 3 inch pipeline.
Amol Lakare: so definitely we can. It's a cylinders, simple way. So we can Pre, we can calculate the volume of the cylinder. And then that is actually static, static inventory
Amol Lakare: and dynamic community as per the process to return those things or and leak rate. And those things
Amol Lakare: suppose if it is semi automatic isolation, philosophy 10 min. So leak rate material by 10 min, plus
Amol Lakare: volume of that cylinder
Amol Lakare: that is actually total inventory may come in the atmosphere in case of any accident happen. Leak happens in the system.
Amol Lakare: So it's continuation actually, so ultimately, what are the outcomes so based on the hazardous material coming in the atmosphere type of the material coming in the atmosphere. If it is flammable in nature, then definitely it might and pressurized condition is there? Then, definitely it might have jet fire incidents.
Amol Lakare: But if radio ignition source is not there, or that particular chemical is not at auto ignition temperature, then definitely what will happen?
Amol Lakare: Those liquid droplets are reaching to the ground, they will form a flammable liquid chemical pool.
Amol Lakare: and then, if an ignition source fine, then it will catch a fire, then it becomes pool fire.
Amol Lakare: flash fire. That means okay. Okay, as of now, no ignition source happens. So jet fire, pull fire is not there.
Amol Lakare: but that flammable chemical, absorbing the heat from surrounding areas. That means ground atmosphere equipment.
Amol Lakare: and then the operation rate will be increases, and it will form a a flammable cloud. It will travel, and wherever actually get ignition source.
Amol Lakare: it will catch the fire.
Amol Lakare: It's a momentary file, and then it
Amol Lakare: it will turn into a flash fire right
Amol Lakare: unconfined expression. If that cloud is trapped in some congested area
Amol Lakare: and ignition ignition source is there? Is there. Then it's called actually vapor, cloud exposure, and sometimes what? Eventually
Amol Lakare: the cloud, unconfined cloud get explored.
Amol Lakare: That is actually Uvc unconfined web cloud exposure right? Blavy.
Amol Lakare: Believe it. That means okay. Boiling liquid air produce you operation vapor, cloud explosion, vapor, explosion.
Amol Lakare: It's a physical blast of any equipment.
Amol Lakare: So if any flammable chemical, flammable, liquid, chemical, stored in the vessel and in surrounding equipment.
Amol Lakare: or another case that means flammable storage tank.
Amol Lakare: Some of the chemical storage tank is there and surrounding there that
Amol Lakare: fire is there actually. So that particular
Amol Lakare: vessel, or a storage tank is engulfed with the fire scenario.
Amol Lakare: What will happen actually inside that particular equipment. Liquid will you increases increase the temperature
Amol Lakare: it will reaches to the boiling point of that particular chemical start boiling.
Amol Lakare: and because of the boiling definitely, actually liquid will convert it into a vapor
Amol Lakare: as actually continuously. Heat is adding to the system.
Amol Lakare: Pressure will build in that particular equipment so
Amol Lakare: drastically, or we can say so high
Amol Lakare: it will increase more than its design pressure mawp sometimes, and then it will get production.
Amol Lakare: So this entire scenario is called actually blame boiling liquid.
Amol Lakare: You have to do web per exposure
Amol Lakare: and tousing dispersion. That means okay.
Amol Lakare: simple example before gas strategy. So atmosphere. And it's dispersion.
Amol Lakare: Right? So all day I have discussed these things, I'm not going in detail now.
Amol Lakare: weather so definitely for whether just one more thing, actually
Amol Lakare: leak model. That means, okay, leak or rupture may be considered in the pipeline vessel. Atmospheric storage tank. That means what are the equipments are considered in the
Amol Lakare: study.
Amol Lakare: So in all equipments, we need to consider leak set. That means leak and rupture
Amol Lakare: leak sizes and laptops right.
Amol Lakare: so leak sizes will be considered. As for the cpi, 18 ogp. Conquo gig database. So, as I said, that means, okay, whatever database you are going to use same database for same database will be used for the leak, size, identification, and same database we are to use for color, frequency, estimation, purpose.
Amol Lakare: Right?
Amol Lakare: So weather definitely actually surface roughness. So
Amol Lakare: speed is also not constant throat.
Amol Lakare: The facility, or if we go slightly above speed is different and at ground level speed is different.
Amol Lakare: Right? When I said, actually 1.5 meter per second or 2 meter per second.
Amol Lakare: it is major speed of air at 10 meter elevation from ground level.
Amol Lakare: right? So these fields are actually measured at 10 meter level.
Amol Lakare: So definitely, parabolic path will be followed. It's a fluid definitely, actually, parabolic path will be followed and at the ground level definitely resistance because of the building because of the plans because of equipments will be there.
Amol Lakare: So what? That it those equipments, those buildings, those plants
Amol Lakare: at such as as a bondi, layer thickness
Amol Lakare: right? And it is called as a surface roughness. So how much surface roughness we need to use further
Amol Lakare: study.
Amol Lakare: So it is clearly mentioned in the
Amol Lakare: Cpr. 18. Or we can say purple book or Ccps.
Amol Lakare: All those book is clear dimension. That means it.
Amol Lakare: How big facet is there? And accordingly we have to use circle sorry surface roughness.
Amol Lakare: Second, parameter required for weather heating. That means atmospheric pressure ambient temperature stability class, right?
Amol Lakare: Standard class. That means okay. It's so
Amol Lakare: fluid air is a fluid, so it is always traveling horizontally as well as vertical.
Amol Lakare: right? So vertical. That means horizontal speed. We are considered in the speed that means 2 meter per second. Horizontal speed, is there? But how? What about the vertical things?
Amol Lakare: Right? So for
Amol Lakare: mixing profile in the vertical thing stability class is introduced. So there are 6 stability classes, are there A, BCDE, right?
Amol Lakare: And A is actually very unstable subject layer. That means mixing layer to layer mixing is very high, very high dispersion coefficient in the subject class A is very, very high.
Amol Lakare: B is also similar, but slightly lower to a C is again slightly lower.
Amol Lakare: To be
Amol Lakare: D is a neutral stability class during normal conditions say, 30 30 to 40°C. Temperature normal wind normal road vehicles are removing their things. Then stability class
Amol Lakare: D is considered d times 5 d class.
Amol Lakare: It is called actually neutral, and E and F. Actually, they are more stable stability classes.
Amol Lakare: That means layer to layer mixing is not that much, and dispersion coefficient in E and F
Amol Lakare: is very low means.
Amol Lakare: If toxic chemical or flammable, chemical, released in the atmosphere with the stability class F,
Amol Lakare: there is a possibility of a huge area it may damage because dispersion coefficient is very less in the subject class erf.
Amol Lakare: That means these are actually worst case situations, and then solar solar additions. And those things. So these are actually general
Amol Lakare: atmospheric parameters required for the software in the software.
Amol Lakare: And this is actually example. So stability class a BC. Indicated in yeah. 1st Native Speaker.
Amol Lakare: ABC integrated 1st Speaker, then D is indicated in this second figure.
Amol Lakare: and E and F indicated in 3rd figure. So you'll you'll get fair idea about the stability stability class, how it is actually
Amol Lakare: behave.
Amol Lakare: Right?
Amol Lakare: Consequence, analysis
Amol Lakare: now actually damage criteria. As I said, that means to damage criteria. We need to limit our
Amol Lakare: distances up to some level. Just a meter.
Amol Lakare: Yeah. Sorry.
Amol Lakare: So flash fire, flash fire. That means, okay, we need to consider. Lfl, I said, lower flammable limit or lower exposure limit. So definitely, we need to consider those levels.
Amol Lakare: For this personal analysis, purpose
Amol Lakare: right? Generally. I gave one more level, and that is actually half a level.
Amol Lakare: So why, Philippine, as we are considering only 2 flammable as wind speed.
Amol Lakare: right? So there is possibility of lower wind speed. There is possibility of moderate wind speed also. That means which is not considered in the our study.
Amol Lakare: But definitely, if leak happens during those wind speed, then consequences are made different.
Amol Lakare: so that in that case our Lfl level can be
Amol Lakare: slightly on higher side, slightly on lower side.
Amol Lakare: How can we
Amol Lakare: nullify this effect so definitely as per guideline? We can introduce one more level that is actually half lfl and in the half Lfl to Lfl zone
Amol Lakare: risk to the people will be on 10%, not 100%.
Amol Lakare: Some industries say, that means up to 50% alien level 50% risk need to be calculated. Some people, some industries say, is 10%. Some industries say
Amol Lakare: different different criteria so definitely, we need to choose appropriate guidelines and then proceed to the study
Amol Lakare: so that actually impact of the different different wind speed which is not considered in the study that will be nullified
Amol Lakare: right jet fire or pool fire. Ultimately, such a fire? Right? So if fire happens
Amol Lakare: right? So what is actually addition impact. So
Amol Lakare: generally point 2 5 to point 7.
Amol Lakare: In India, this actually general solar solar radiation is there. But for desert in the in the desert area. Some it may happen. That means, okay, this solar radiation level will increase up to
Amol Lakare: one kilowatt parameters for the additional level.
Amol Lakare: Then, if it is 1.6 kilowatt per meters correlation level, then it's discomfort level will be there.
Amol Lakare: If 4 kilowatt parameters correlation level is there.
Amol Lakare: and if any person exposed for 20 seconds, then 1st degree burn will be there.
Amol Lakare: He cannot withstand in this radiation level more than 20 seconds
Amol Lakare: right. If it is 9.5, then second degree burner will be there.
Amol Lakare: If it is 12.5 kilowatt per meter squared addition level.
Amol Lakare: then, what are actually ignited material is there like
Amol Lakare: plastic wood peppers? They will start wording right?
Amol Lakare: That means that much intensity is having in this radiation level, and if the radiation level is 37.5 kilo per meter squared meter squared.
Amol Lakare: it has such a huge intensity.
Amol Lakare: Temperature of the seal may increase more than 500°C, and as we know that at
Amol Lakare: if the steel temperature increase more than 500°C, it will lose 50%, it will lose its properties.
Amol Lakare: and if steel will lose its properties, then definitely it will collapse
Amol Lakare: means equipment. Damage will be there process equipment damage will be there.
Amol Lakare: Right?
Amol Lakare: Okay, this is all about actually, person. Sorry equipment base. But what about impact on on persons?
Amol Lakare: So because of the 4 kilowatt perimeter squared addition level. There is no any
Amol Lakare: fertility. 0%. Okay, person will endure ill. That means skin may damage. And those things, but he will not die
Amol Lakare: 9.5 years also same thing.
Amol Lakare: But if 12.5 kilo per meters correlation level is there? Yes, person may die if it is
Amol Lakare: if he is exposed for more than 20 degrees. Sorry 20 seconds.
Amol Lakare: and how much fat it will be there if 10 persons are there.
Amol Lakare: So in that case one person may fatal, that means 10% fertility will be there
Amol Lakare: right, and for 37.5 kilo per meters correlation level.
Amol Lakare: then definitely if people exposed for this radiation level, as we know that still may lose this property, so person may battery
Amol Lakare: so 100% quantity. Yeah.
Amol Lakare: okay, we'll take one. We'll take 5 min back. I'll just take a sip of water, and then we'll come back. Huh?
Amol Lakare: Okay, thank you.
Amol Lakare: Shall we start?
Yogesh Chamadiya: Yes.
Amol Lakare: Yeah, okay, fine.
Amol Lakare: Okay, so for Vc, vapor, cloud exposure, different different
Amol Lakare: shock waves, intensity. Different. Different hazards are there. If it is 0 point 0 3 bar is there? Then, definitely, it will have significant. It is not that much significant, but
Amol Lakare: sound will sound, sound wave will be there, and if any glass is there, it it may shut up.
Amol Lakare: Setting up the glasses would be there.
Amol Lakare: If it is point one bar is there, it's it will actually moderate damage. And if any households are there definitely for or buildings are there repairable damage will be there in the in those buildings.
Amol Lakare: and if it is 0 point 3 bar, heavy damage will be there.
Amol Lakare: So if
Amol Lakare: it will have such an intensity that if that particular buildings are not designed for particular or pressure. Then, definitely, if these are the ordinary buildings, they will completely demolished
Amol Lakare: right from person. Point of view.
Amol Lakare: Point not 3 bar definitely, only shattering of the glasses. There is no fertility on those things. Point one bar, gauge
Amol Lakare: or pressure, then, definitely there is a possibility of the flying objects.
Amol Lakare: Right?
Amol Lakare: So glasses will be broke, broken, or sometimes what I'm actually roof will collapse.
Amol Lakare: and if any person is inside the building. He may fatal.
Amol Lakare: So means 10%. Fertility is possible in point one baggage or pressure level.
Amol Lakare: But in point 3 bar gauge over pressure level. As I said, that means, okay, it's complete.
Amol Lakare: This meant, demolish of households. And those things buildings.
Amol Lakare: Every image is there.
Amol Lakare: So 100%. Patty is involved in the in this level
Amol Lakare: toxic chemical release. If I, as I said, that means okay, id level. If any person is there, then, effectively, 100% of identity is considered.
Amol Lakare: And again, software is completely calculating risk con based on the
Amol Lakare: gas cloud available in that particular area and concentration of that gas cloud available in the area.
Amol Lakare: Right? So different concept is there? I'll describe one once. Actually, equations are there in the slides.
Amol Lakare: Right?
Amol Lakare: So this is actually what we discuss right now.
Amol Lakare: Yes, these are the equations, right?
Amol Lakare: Ultimately. So this this is completely based on that
Amol Lakare: mathematical model. Right? So mathematical model means definitely some equations are there. What are those equations? These are the probability questions right? So the probability questions. That means if any flammable chemical release in the atmosphere, then minus, that is, this is actually death probability question as per purple book.
Amol Lakare: right? So for flammable case A
Amol Lakare: A's value is actually 36 point almost 38
Amol Lakare: B is 2.5 6 and N is 4 by 3,
Amol Lakare: whereas actually toxic property equation, a, B and N values are varies as per the chemical right
Amol Lakare: be in
Amol Lakare: clamable or thermal probability equation. It is measured in the seconds. Variability in toxic property questions measured in the minutes.
Amol Lakare: Generally, thermal property questions. So that means thermal disk is calculated for 20 seconds
Amol Lakare: or 18.7 5 seconds.
Amol Lakare: And toxic risk is calculated considering 10 min, 600 seconds.
Amol Lakare: Okay, so these are actually some guidelines values? Why, actually, 20 seconds. Why not?
Amol Lakare: 600 seconds for thermal.
Amol Lakare: So it's a thermal impact, it's an immediate impact. Right? So if a person exposed for radiation higher radiation levels definitely he can. He cannot escape escape. He will lose his properties, he will lose its strength, and then he will collapse.
Amol Lakare: and he will continue to expose for the traditional level for longer duration, and then ultimately he will battle
Amol Lakare: reason 20 seconds. Generally
Amol Lakare: they have conducted some motion studies and those things, and then, if radiation level is there, person may ex escape from that radiation densities. So within
Amol Lakare: 20 seconds.
Amol Lakare: But if any toxic cloud is there, so it's actually minor concentration. That means, if I consider chlorine lilies or ammonia lilies, ammonia
Amol Lakare: idealist value is 300 ppm.
Amol Lakare: Right? So definitely, in that case, for cloud formation will be on higher big cloud. That means area need to be
Amol Lakare: travel. If any person is inside that cloud, he need to travel long area, long distance.
Amol Lakare: and reason, they have considered 1010 min for this calculation purpose, nothing else.
Amol Lakare: So ultimately, actually using these equations, pliability, scan, toxic, risk calculated.
Amol Lakare: And then this profit number is converted into a death number one more table is there?
Amol Lakare: This is the table right?
Amol Lakare: Then this private number is converted into a death number. Again, in in this, actually, there are 2 2 private number is there actually, and then dose is the thermal dose and toxic dose.
Amol Lakare: So what is those actually
Amol Lakare: after? Ln? There is one more, 1 1 bracket is there? T into irs to 4 by 3
Amol Lakare: back at complete.
Amol Lakare: So this number is actually dose. So how much dose
Amol Lakare: is, how how much thermal dose is
Amol Lakare: taken or absorbed by a person who is exposed for the particular additional level.
Amol Lakare: Sometimes risk is calculated using this dose level. Sometimes risk is calculated using profit level.
Amol Lakare: So depends actually, which options we are taking. We, we are going to opt in the software.
Amol Lakare: same thing in the toxic property questions as well. C raised to NC is means C means actually concentration of
Amol Lakare: pollutant gas rest to N into T exposure time that is actually toxic dose
Amol Lakare: soils.
Amol Lakare: If we apply once, actually, we apply that thermal property questions or toxic property questions and those profit numbers are falling in comes actually 4.1 9,
Amol Lakare: right? Means 21%. Fertility is there in that particular area, right?
Amol Lakare: So 4.1 9. So this is 20. And these are actually decimal places unit places
Amol Lakare: right? 21.
Amol Lakare: If it is 2.6 7, then actually 0 to 10 place and unit place is actually one. So 1% property is there in that particular area.
Amol Lakare: If it is 5.7 7, then
Amol Lakare: 70 is 10 plus and 8 is actually unit test. So 78% fertility in that particular area.
Amol Lakare: Right? So like that. HD, okay, those profit number will be applied. And then
Amol Lakare: suppose just a minute, I'm just taking a pen.
Akshay: If I look at the.
Amol Lakare: So this is actually layout. And if this is the scenario.
Amol Lakare: and it is impacting that much area only.
Akshay: Diploma right?
Amol Lakare: Here different concentration is there, here different concentration is there, and here different concentration. This is this is actually huge concentration, high, constant, highly concentrated pollutant gas is available in this area.
Akshay: Right.
Amol Lakare: So means C value is very high.
Akshay: I didn't know.
Amol Lakare: Particular rate is very high in this area.
Amol Lakare: right means profit, value. Profit. Number is very different in this area. Profit number is different in this area. Private number different in in this area.
Amol Lakare: software is having all those detailed calculation. That means it is working on grid level.
Amol Lakare: right? So this grid have a
Amol Lakare: having different concern in this video.
Akshay: That can be stuff.
Amol Lakare: Concentration software is calculating.
Akshay: Okay.
Amol Lakare: Profit number for each and every grid.
Akshay: Situation.
Amol Lakare: Flammable. Okay, thermal profit number is calculated for each and every grade
Amol Lakare: converted for each new degree, and then it is converted into that number.
Amol Lakare: Yeah. Accordingly, if any doubt is there, you please stop me and ask me a question.
Amol Lakare: This is, this is actually slightly complicated topic risk, how how to calculate the risk and those things.
Amol Lakare: And then actually, you can see.
Amol Lakare: So, as I said, the piece.
Amol Lakare: some noise is directly from background.
Amol Lakare: Sakshay.
Akshay: You know.
Akshay: Cf.
Amol Lakare: Okay.
Akshay: Oops!
Amol Lakare: Thank you.
Akshay: Let's see.
Akshay: So philippiness.
Amol Lakare: And that means we apply. As I said, Ogp, is there? Hci?
Amol Lakare: Right. Eg, is there purple book, is there? So those concave, is there? Eucoa? Is there? So there are many, many databases.
Amol Lakare: so those need to be applied, and then and then risk determination.
Akshay: Arrow water.
Akshay: So it's simple.
Amol Lakare: Combination of.
Akshay: Likelihood and consequences.
Amol Lakare: Using.
Akshay: It is not.
Amol Lakare: Using software, and then we'll get a risk.
Akshay: Do I have a question.
Amol Lakare: So this actually simple step
Amol Lakare: and ultimate actually outcome of
Amol Lakare: Qa study is location specific individual. It's actually contoured.
Akshay: Individual dish.
Amol Lakare: Right? So location specific individual is that means, okay, it is considering. One person is always available.
Akshay: And he.
Amol Lakare: And every Geo. Geographical location in the site. And if an incident happened because of the process conditions process installations and those things.
Akshay: He may expose for that particular user.
Amol Lakare: Foundation Hazardsic Hazards.
Akshay: That's a good number.
Amol Lakare: And risk will be.
Akshay: Just calculated.
Amol Lakare: Means on 100% level disk is covered. But in actual case.
Amol Lakare: if any person is there in the facility.
Akshay: He will be there. He will be there in the facility only for some time, assuming, you know.
Akshay: dedicated time as per.
Amol Lakare: Agreed time by the individual, and the company means.
Akshay: No issue.
Amol Lakare: We need to alter.
Akshay: Location space.
Amol Lakare: Specific individual risk with the appropriate number.
Amol Lakare: When we alter that number with appropriate, or we can.
Akshay: Presence, factor, then.
Amol Lakare: it is called as actually individual.
Amol Lakare: And then actually, Socialist, actually.
Akshay: Get, my.
Amol Lakare: Considering the 1%.
Akshay: Bye, bye, cliffe.
Amol Lakare: And second case, when multiple people are involved
Amol Lakare: because of a single single incident.
Akshay: So I don't know as.
Amol Lakare: Then, it is known as actually societal risk. Or we can say F and column group risk.
Amol Lakare: So it is actually a graph plotted with on X-axis or Y-axis frequency of events
Amol Lakare: causing N. Or more fertilities, or we can say more than one part, it is.
Amol Lakare: or injuries, or expose versus NN. Number of fatalities or injuries because of that hazardous installations.
Amol Lakare: Right? So how actually it is those controls are there that will be described in next slides.
Amol Lakare: Again, there is actually one more principle. Is there actually individual risk? Right? I said. Injury, individual risk. That means there should be one
Amol Lakare: higher risk, moderate risk and acceptable risk. Lower risk.
Amol Lakare: So again, I said, that means, okay, this is actually quantitative discussion. Assessment means we are exactly creating the number
Amol Lakare: right? So then, definitely, this criteria should also mention with some clear numbers.
Amol Lakare: right? So what are those numbers? So as per guideline, unacceptable risk is
Amol Lakare: 10 to per minus 4 and above.
Amol Lakare: if any person is there with the exposure risk
Amol Lakare: more than 10 to per minus 4 per annum, then he it is called actually unacceptable disk, right?
Amol Lakare: Broadly acceptable. This that means, if any person is experience, risk less than 10 to power minus risk per annum, then it is considered. Actually, he is in acceptable.
Amol Lakare: or we can say broadly acceptable
Amol Lakare: or we can say negligible risk zone.
Amol Lakare: And the person who are exposed within this band. That means 10 to par, minus 6 to 10 to par, minus 4. Sorry 10 to par, minus 4 to minus 6. Then it is called actually a love band.
Amol Lakare: or we can see it's a tolerable risk.
Amol Lakare: 8.
Amol Lakare: So even actually, if I walk from the road I know that. There is no 0 risk. Right? So I'm I'm even. I'm taking full precautions on those things. I'm I'm walking from the footpath and those things.
Amol Lakare: There is a possibility of some vehicle is coming and hit me means risk, is there?
Amol Lakare: But
Amol Lakare: as I know that all drivers are trained, or we can say they have a license, and then license is given by government authority
Amol Lakare: only for those person who know how to drive a vehicle, and if
Amol Lakare: the license is not there. Actually, it is illegal, and they should not drive on. Road means
Amol Lakare: some mitigation measure is there. And considering this thing actually definitely, I can walk from the road
Amol Lakare: means walking on the road is
Amol Lakare: falling in a lab category tolerable tolerability. I can tolerate that risk, got it.
Amol Lakare: But if still, plant is there.
Amol Lakare: right? Steel plant is there, and I have to work in high temperature zone area, right?
Amol Lakare: So definitely, risk is on higher side, but
Amol Lakare: definitely without any protection. I cannot work in that area
Amol Lakare: definitely in that area. Persons are, literally taking a water pipe in their hand.
Amol Lakare: That means always shower is going on on their head
Amol Lakare: right? And accordingly they are working. That means some mitigation measures are required if risk is following an isi
Amol Lakare: again.
Amol Lakare: this 12 per minus 4 is generally as per the guidelines. And those things these are actually for a person. These numbers are presented for a person who is completely unknown about
Amol Lakare: the facility that means
Amol Lakare: others person other than the industries and those things. So if person is with the industries, then definitely
Amol Lakare: additional credit is given. That means they are well equipped with the
Amol Lakare: pps and those things, and they are well aware about how to handle those chemicals. And these are actually this number is changed and diluted to 10 to one minus 3 per annum
Amol Lakare: for the person who are working in that particular same facility.
Amol Lakare: Okay?
Amol Lakare: And generally, fn code is actually measured in these things. Red line indicates
Amol Lakare: criterion line, higher criterion line and blue line indicates lower criterion line.
Amol Lakare: So band in between red and green, it is known as actually allow band
Amol Lakare: right? So if F anchor is crossing red line
Amol Lakare: generally, this line should start from the
Amol Lakare: generally. This line should start from this, and it should like this.
Amol Lakare: Okay, yes, not this one.
Amol Lakare: This is, it's a correct right one should start from point 2 and one should start from point
Amol Lakare: sorry 10 to bar minus 2 and 10 to par, minus 4, with a slope of minus one.
Amol Lakare: Right? So if Fn card is coming like this, okay.
Amol Lakare: right? So this is a F and car.
Amol Lakare: So the portion, this portion is known actually unacceptable this.
Amol Lakare: but but because of this risk is going beyond the limit.
Amol Lakare: The entire facility is falling in unacceptable risk level.
Amol Lakare: If Fn car is falling in this only like this. Only
Amol Lakare: then we can say that risk is falling in a lab zone
Amol Lakare: allow principle. Just now. Actually, we discuss either we can say, allow, or we can say tolerable zone.
Amol Lakare: And if it is falling in this.
Amol Lakare: then it is actually acceptable, though
Amol Lakare: if it's falling like this, actually.
Amol Lakare: then we can say, actually, major portion, or we can say, the highest portion actually is falling in a lab zone, and reason risk is falling in. Allow zone
Amol Lakare: so like that. It is. It's simple concept
Amol Lakare: from the from where actually, these numbers are arrived.
Amol Lakare: Right? So I said, risk criteria.
Amol Lakare: I'm saying that means 10 to per minus 4 and minus 6 need to be considered for the calculations and those things. But from where actually, it is taken
Amol Lakare: so very frankly, actually, India doesn't have any criteria. But India's 1 document is, there is 1, 5, 6, 5, 6. Hera standard is called s. 3 Hira standard code of practice for hazard integration and risk analysis.
Amol Lakare: Actually, it is come. It is stated that we can use Bureau numbers for working in the India.
Amol Lakare: And as per that actually, Uktc guideline has been used
Amol Lakare: to analyze the risk numbers.
Amol Lakare: That means this, this Uk criteria has been rigorously followed for Indian industries, so as per the Ukhsc criteria maximum tolerable risk is 10 to per minus one e. 10 to per minus 4, and negligible risk. Criteria is one E minus, or we can say 10 to par minus 6.
Amol Lakare: Okay.
Amol Lakare: different different countries, different different. what we say, actually, industry levels. Different different risk levels are criterias are there
Amol Lakare: for nuclear industry? Different criteria is there for hydrocarbon industry? Different criteria? Is there right
Amol Lakare: for a company with new houses, and near to new new houses with near to plants and those in different criteria there so appropriate criteria. Otherwise you can use no problem
Amol Lakare: risk mitigation so ultimately as
Amol Lakare: till what? Actually, what we discussed definitely after using the same philosophy, we need to choose high risk scenarios. That means software and one provision that once you calculate the entire risk. So it is always giving top scenario as well.
Amol Lakare: Right? So we need to choose those top scenarios and try to attack on those top scenarios only. So that
Amol Lakare: if we apply some mitigation measures, or we can say recommendations definitely, this reduction will be on
Amol Lakare: higher side means ultimately we are attacking on most credible scenarios. And once we attack.
Amol Lakare: the discretion will be on marginal right?
Amol Lakare: So what kind of relation measures will be there?
Amol Lakare: So how can we reduce the meal risk either by preventing that particular incidents may happen.
Amol Lakare: Right means. Actually, we are reducing the likelihood right? Or we can
Amol Lakare: add some more engineering control or procedures.
Amol Lakare: So that actually, this kind of insurance are
Amol Lakare: chances of this kind of incidents happening is on lower side.
Amol Lakare: Right?
Amol Lakare: Minimize the probability of occurrence will suggest in case of unacceptable risk means. Actually, again
Amol Lakare: some hard ignition. So so I'm I'm seeing here actually, runaway is possible.
Amol Lakare: Why, runaway is possible and runaway happens and reactor? Blast blast, is there?
Amol Lakare: How can we pretty? How can we reduce the incidences?
Amol Lakare: So I can design the reactor as per the runaway situation. And even if that particular situation occur.
Amol Lakare: Reactor is well designed, so that reactor will not blast means
Amol Lakare: chances of the leak or chances of the rupture of that particular reactor is completely waved out.
Amol Lakare: And these are actually risky zone lower side. In that case.
Amol Lakare: procedure recommendations so definitely, if human
Amol Lakare: interventions are there in particular activities and those things.
Amol Lakare: And if we observe that because of the human intervention, risk is on higher side
Amol Lakare: in that particular area.
Amol Lakare: whether those procedures are right or wrong need to be updated, those procedures or not, that need to be
Amol Lakare: discussed.
Amol Lakare: And ultimately so if massive fire is there, then definitely only one win.
Amol Lakare: Evacuate the people from the danger areas. Emergency response plan.
Amol Lakare: right? So this report can always used to prepare emergency response planning guidelines.
Amol Lakare: So this is all about the risk analysis and those things. So
Amol Lakare: any question any clarification required, you can always, ask me no problem. Perfectly fine.
Amol Lakare: I know that this topic is actually is difficult to understand. but definitely, there are many questions are there. If you have any doubts, you can always share those doubts with your professor.
Amol Lakare: And they will share those questions with me. I'll I'll answer all those questions and revert to you. Perfectly fine.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Yes, sir, this one is a good very informative. But if it is possible, then conduct a lecture with the one example.
Yogesh Chamadiya: so it will help us out.
Amol Lakare: Example. Okay, okay. What? I'll do. Actually, okay, I'll not use software in that case. But I'll use some equations so that you'll get a fair idea. How actually this can be happen.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Also one more thing. Are we going? Are we going to? Are you going to conduct
Yogesh Chamadiya: software tool? Also.
Amol Lakare: Software can. Okay. But I don't have software. But once, actually, I'm in college that time I can do these things. But as of now, not possible for me.
Amol Lakare: But
Amol Lakare: yeah, you you might understand these things actually, definitely, software is very costly. And personal level software purchase is not possible for me.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Okay.
Amol Lakare: But these talkers are available in the college.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Yes, ma'.
Amol Lakare: And you can always use those of this perfectly.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Okay.
Amol Lakare: Any question.
Amol Lakare: even actually, if you have any questions you please, share your questions with your professors. And
Amol Lakare: they will pass these questions to me definitely. I'll answer all those questions, and try to clear all your doubts. No problem. Perfectly fine.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Sure.
Amol Lakare: Yeah, thank you. I think we can stop here.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Yeah.
Amol Lakare: Yeah, okay, thank you.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Thank you, sir.
Amol Lakare: Bye, bye.
Chetan Bhoyar: So.
Ketan Kevadiya: Thank you.