Bakshi Manish: Why isn't he?
Bakshi Manish: Thank you.
Bakshi Manish: Here's what I'm doing so far.
PG Diploma: It didn't do it.
PG Diploma: And now.
PG Diploma: good morning. On February 7, th 2,008.
Bakshi Manish: Good morning! How are you?
PG Diploma: In Port Wentworth, Georgia, just outside Savannah.
PG Diploma: Surveillance cameras in the area captured the blast
PG Diploma: which took the lives of 14 workers and injured 38 others.
PG Diploma: The Chemical Safety Board launched an investigation.
PG Diploma: The fuel for the blast.
PG Diploma: Combustible dust, combustible dust can be a catastrophic hazard in American industry.
PG Diploma: 3 of the 4 most serious accidents that we've investigated have been combustible dust explosions
PG Diploma: in 2,006. This pattern of accidents spurred the Csb. To issue a comprehensive study of combustible dust which uncovered 281 fires and explosions that had occurred over the previous 25 years.
PG Diploma: The study revealed what the Csb. Called a significant industrial safety problem.
PG Diploma: Combustible dust fires and explosions continue to occur frequently by accumulations of combustible dust
PG Diploma: which can gather over years in hidden places or in plain sight.
PG Diploma: No company wants to see its facility blown up and destroyed, employees killed.
PG Diploma: but they just don't understand what the hazard is, they don't realize that they have a hazard here until that one day when the explosion occurs, and it's a terrible tragedy for them, and they look back and say, if we'd only known
PG Diploma: when Tammy Miser got a phone call late one evening in 2,003, she worried. It would be about her brother, Sean Boone, who worked at an automotive parts factory.
PG Diploma: and we usually didn't answer the phone that way. But we knew when it kept ringing, that there was something wrong, so we answered it, and
PG Diploma: there had been an accident there before, so I knew
PG Diploma: I knew they were calling me. It was my brother.
PG Diploma: Sean Boone was a mechanic at the Hayes Lemmers plant in Huntington, Indiana. I got you going around the corner man.
PG Diploma: The company produced aluminum car wheels.
PG Diploma: The process of finishing the wheels left behind. Aluminum scraps
PG Diploma: were chopped into small pieces and sent to a furnace to be melted and reused.
PG Diploma: chopping, drying, and blowing the dry chips through the transfer created highly combustible dust
PG Diploma: flowed through, ducting to a steel dropbox outside the building, where large particles were trapped.
PG Diploma: The air then entered a dust collector which removed finer aluminum particles over time dust accumulated inside ducts.
PG Diploma: In addition, there were leaks in the piping used to transfer aluminum chips which caused dust to build up on surfaces throughout the furnace area.
PG Diploma: Aluminum dust landed on beams, ledges in some places the with several.
PG Diploma: On the night of October 29.th
PG Diploma: 10 min after workers started. The aluminum process.
PG Diploma: Inside the dust collector was suddenly ignited by a metal ember or impact spark, resulting large explosion
PG Diploma: blast propagated back through the duct to the steel dropbox, blowing it apart.
PG Diploma: The fireball and pressure wave continued duct system of the building.
PG Diploma: As the accumulated aluminum.
PG Diploma: The violent disturbance shook loose dust that had built up on external surfaces.
PG Diploma: At about 8 30 Pm.
PG Diploma: Mechanic Sean Boo was one of several workers in the area of the furnace.
PG Diploma: A fireball erupted from the furnace, engulfing the area
PG Diploma: and igniting airborne dust. In a second larger explosion
PG Diploma: the explosion blew a 50 foot wide hole through the roof of the building.
PG Diploma: Coworkers found Sean Boone lying on the the furnace, gravely injured.
PG Diploma: He was rushed to the hospital and put on life support.
PG Diploma: and they told us that
PG Diploma: His internal organs were burnt, and they could take his arms.
PG Diploma: and they could take us legs.
Sathish Kumar: Probably wouldn't make it, and it would just prolong it. So we went ahead and took him off.
Sathish Kumar: Sean Boone was one of 14 dust, explosion fatalities in 2,003 alone
Sathish Kumar: launching a comprehensive investigation into the hazard. The Csb. Held 2 public meetings, convening panels of experts and listening to extensive public comment, first, st combustible dust, is a real
Sathish Kumar: serious problem in all of general industry. The Csb. Report concluded that good engineering and safety practices to prevent dust. Explosions have existed for decades, but there is no comprehensive federal standard requiring adherence to those practices.
Sathish Kumar: and many companies are not taking effective actions to control dust hazards. As a result the Board recommended increased regulation of dust hazards. The final report was approved at a public meeting in Washington in November 2,006, and the report and recommendations are adopted. We found in our study that the issue of combustible dust explosions is not focused on one particular industry
Sathish Kumar: happens right across all industries and industries that
Sathish Kumar: where you perhaps wouldn't expect there to be an explosion
Sathish Kumar: industries at risk include food production, metal processing, wood products, chemical manufacturing
Sathish Kumar: rubber and plastics and coal-fired power plants.
Sathish Kumar: The Csb. Study provides many examples of the continuing toll from dust explosions. Coal dust exploded in 1999 at the Ford River Rouge plant, near Dearborn, Michigan.
Sathish Kumar: 6 workers died and 36 were injured.
Sathish Kumar: Resin dust exploded at the yon foundry in Springfield, Massachusetts, in
Sathish Kumar: killing 3 workers and injuring 9 others.
Sathish Kumar: Rubber dust exploded at rouse polymerics in Vicksburg, Mississippi, in 2,002, leaving 5 dead. A nylon fiber explosion destroyed Malden Mills in Methuen, Massachusetts, in 1995,
Sathish Kumar: in fact, between 1980 and 2,005,
Sathish Kumar: the Csb. Found at least 281 combustible dust fires and explosions
Sathish Kumar: that caused 119 deaths, 718 injuries
Sathish Kumar: and major damage to industrial facilities. Nfpa. Supports Amy Beasley Spencer is a combustible dust expert at the National Fire Protection Association or Nfpa.
Sathish Kumar: Beyond the loss of life and the injuries. When you think about the economics, it's an economic impact on the entire community. The Csb. Report called on Osha to establish a comprehensive regulatory standard designed to prevent dust explosions in general industry.
Sathish Kumar: The board, said Osha, should base the new regulation on the current standards of the Nfpa.
Sathish Kumar: These codes address, hazard assessment engineering controls, housekeeping, building design, explosion, protection operating procedures and worker training. The Nfpa. Codes and standards have been in existence since the early 19 twenties, and there are 7 codes and standards that deal directly with dust.
Sathish Kumar: It's a tragedy to have even one loss of life because the technology is out there to prevent these dust explosions. In addition to the Nfpa, the center for Chemical Process safety, as well as a leading insurance company, have developed recommended practices on controlling combustible dust.
Sathish Kumar: The Board also called for improved training of Osha inspectors to recognize dust hazards.
Sathish Kumar: Interim. Csb. Executive. William Wright explained the recommendation before the House Committee on Education and Labor in March 2,008, citing 3 dust explosions the Csb. Had investigated in 2,300
Sathish Kumar: would recommend.
UPL University: Online, team kindly mute yourself.
UPL University: kindly mute yourself.
Sathish Kumar: In 2,007. In existing regulations, the comprehensive
Sathish Kumar: technical 51
Sathish Kumar: or other requirements, they may be subjected to the explosions tragically continue.
Sathish Kumar: The list includes the blast that crippled the Imperial sugar refinery outside Savannah, Georgia, in February 2,008.
Yogesh Chamadiya: 2,005, about 70 additional dust explosions have been reported, and, in fact, the imperial accident last month is the deadliest industrial dust explosion in the United States since 1980.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Csb. Chairman, John Breslin. I toured the facility about 6 weeks after the explosion.
Yogesh Chamadiya: The damage that was done there was catastrophic.
Yogesh Chamadiya: As you walk around the facility. You think of the people who were working there that day
Yogesh Chamadiya: who were killed severely injured.
Yogesh Chamadiya: It was a difficult experience to walk around that facility.
Yogesh Chamadiya: It was a very sobering experience.
Yogesh Chamadiya: A what is so frustrating about dust explosions is that they're so preventable.
Yogesh Chamadiya: And I believe that one of the reasons that dust explosions continue to occur may simply be
Yogesh Chamadiya: a lack of understanding about the materials
Yogesh Chamadiya: most solid organic materials will explode if the particles are small enough and they're dispersed in a sufficient concentration.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Some of the materials that could form combustible dust, and there are lots of them
Yogesh Chamadiya: could include coal, sawdust, food products like sugar and flour, pharmaceuticals.
Yogesh Chamadiya: many chemicals, and even many metals.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Like all fires, a dust fire requires fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source. A dust explosion requires 2 additional elements, dispersion and confinement.
Yogesh Chamadiya: The Csb. Commissioned laboratory tests using a sample of fine polyethylene dust found by investigators in the rubble of a North Carolina factory
Yogesh Chamadiya: dust is dispersed into a flame, creating a fireball.
Yogesh Chamadiya: When the dust is confined within a structure or a piece of equipment.
Yogesh Chamadiya: A powerful explosion can occur and propagate.
Yogesh Chamadiya: As this coal industry video demonstrates.
Yogesh Chamadiya: dust may accumulate on surfaces and lie undisturbed for years. Then some initial fire or explosion.
Yogesh Chamadiya: It's a primary event, shakes it loose.
Yogesh Chamadiya: causes a pressure wave to go through the plant, and that dislodges all of the dust that is perhaps unknown up on the rafters, on the beams, on the tops of equipment.
Yogesh Chamadiya: and that serves as the fuel for the secondary explosions that move through the plant.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Most of the the devastating injuries have been caused by these secondary dust explosions.
Yogesh Chamadiya: According to the Nfpa.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Catastrophic explosion, can occur from as little as 130.
Sanjay Joshi: 7 inch of accumulated dust around the thickness of a dime
Sanjay Joshi: covering just 5%. The Nfpa therefore, recommends that companies control fugitive dust emissions, design facilities to prevent dust from migrating and accumulating.
Sanjay Joshi: and perform rigorous housekeeping. To remove any dust that does build up the Nfpa. Codes have been adopted either at the state level or in some cases at the local level at the city level.
Sanjay Joshi: But the problem is, they're not enforced in any regular way.
Sanjay Joshi: A catastrophic dust explosion at the West. Pharmaceutical plant in Kinston, North Carolina, in 2,003
Sanjay Joshi: reveals what can happen when companies do not properly assess the hazards from combustible powders, and do not design their buildings and equipment appropriately
Sanjay Joshi: West pharmaceutical, made small rubber medical products, such as syringe plungers and stoppers at a large manufacturing facility, with nearly 300 workers
Sanjay Joshi: in the process. Large batches of rubber were compounded, and long strips
Sanjay Joshi: to keep these strips from sticking together. They were dipped in a vat containing a whitish slurry of water and finely powdered polyethylene
Sanjay Joshi: petroleum, based wax-like plastic.
Sanjay Joshi: The coated rubber strips were then blown dry with fans unfolded for later processing as the rubber sheets dried.
Sanjay Joshi: combustible polyethylene duct visible to workers, but is colored white. Here for illustration to the air
Sanjay Joshi: over the years. The air conditioning system drew polyethylene dust into the hidden space above an acoustic tile ceiling
Sanjay Joshi: that was suspended over the auction area.
Sanjay Joshi: There the dust gradually built up to a thickness of up to one half inch on ceiling, tiles, beams, conduits, and light fixtures
Sanjay Joshi: just a few feet over the heads of unsuspecting workers.
Sanjay Joshi: January 29th began as a routine work day at the West plant.
Sanjay Joshi: but at about 1 28 Pm. A small fire or explosion occurred somewhere near the production area.
Sanjay Joshi: It lofted the accumulated dust above the ceiling into a thick, which then ignites secondary.
Sanjay Joshi: Some employees described a sound like rolling thunder
Sanjay Joshi: as the dust explosions spread throughout the space above the ceiling.
Sanjay Joshi: The accident at West pharmaceutical services took the lives of 6 employees and injured 38 others, including 2 firefighters.
Sanjay Joshi: The thing that set up the tragedy at West was the mere accumulation of hazardous dust above a ceiling.
Sanjay Joshi: The Nfpa code says that any openings where a dust could accumulate must be sealed, the solution would have been to either seal it or to not have a suspended ceiling.
Sanjay Joshi: Another cause of the West. Accident was that workers were not informed of the dust explosion hazard arising from the polyethylene slurry.
Sanjay Joshi: a fact that should have been included on the material safety data sheet
Sanjay Joshi: at West pharmaceutical. The dust wasn't well recognized as a hazard, because it was actually in a slurry form. So the actual processing of the slurry. The drying of it created the dust, and the dust migrated above the suspended ceiling.
Sanjay Joshi: Cleaning above the ceiling was overlooked in West's otherwise rigorous housekeeping program.
Sanjay Joshi: Cleanliness was a matter of pride, for the West Staff
Sanjay Joshi: being in the pharmaceutical services industry, they kept the production area very, very clean. Some of them knew that large amounts of dust had accumulated above the suspended ceiling.
Sanjay Joshi: Had they been aware that that was an explosive material, they could have informed management
Sanjay Joshi: of the accumulation, and perhaps the situation could have been rectified before the explosion.
Sanjay Joshi: Jim Don is a leading expert on combustible dust.
Sanjay Joshi: If you got a dust you need to know what the ability of that dust is to explode
Sanjay Joshi: and to be able to characterize that dust in terms of? Does it take a little energy? Does it take a lot of energy to ignite it? Will this dust, when it explode, create a very major overpressure? Those are the things that need to be onto Msds.
Sanjay Joshi: The Csb. Found that the problem of inadequate Msdss. Is widespread
Sanjay Joshi: of 140 Msdss. For combustible powders. The Csb found that very few included adequate dust, explosion warnings, or referred readers to the appropriate Nfpa standards.
Sanjay Joshi: There needs to be better communication to workers on the issue of combustible dusts, and that should be done through improved information on material safety data sheets.
Sanjay Joshi: Less than a month after the West. Pharmaceutical Accident a fatal dust explosion crippled the Cta. Acoustics plant in Corbin, Kentucky.
Sanjay Joshi: The disaster at Cta, which claimed 7 lives illustrates the critical importance of following Nfpa. Recommended practices to control dust hazards.
Sanjay Joshi: The Cta. Facility with more than 500 personnel produced fiberglass acoustic insulation for automobiles covering 300,000 square feet. It had 5 production lines
Sanjay Joshi: at line 405
Sanjay Joshi: fiberglass was fed along a conveyor system and spread to create a web.
Sanjay Joshi: Black phenolic resin powder was deposited onto the fiberglass.
Sanjay Joshi: Hundreds of thousands of pounds of the combustible resin powder were used in the plant every month.
Sanjay Joshi: Next, the matte former used air suction to spread the resin through the fiberglass excess. Powder and fibers were drawn up into a dust collector
Sanjay Joshi: and rapidly accumulated on long cloth bags.
Sanjay Joshi: After the mat form, a nylon facing was rolled onto the fiberglass
Sanjay Joshi: before it entered a gas heated, curing oven.
Sanjay Joshi: combustible resin accumulated in the oven.
Sanjay Joshi: resulting in frequent small fires that were extinguished by workers
Sanjay Joshi: during each shift. The line was shut down, for
Sanjay Joshi: on the roof employees routinely used, compressed air to dislodge dust that had built up in the ductwork.
Sanjay Joshi: dumping the material into a large open box on the production floor.
Sanjay Joshi: On the production line. Workers also used compressed air to blow dust off equipment.
Sanjay Joshi: They swept the production floor with brooms.
Sanjay Joshi: These cleaning activities created dust clouds so dense that large fans were
Sanjay Joshi: to blow the dust away from the operators. This increased the dispersion of dust in the
Sanjay Joshi: the dust settled on horizontal surfaces throughout the entire production area.
Sanjay Joshi: Over years of operation, dust build up on top of pipes, conduits.
Sanjay Joshi: and other hard to clean elevated surfaces, such as roof trusses.
Sanjay Joshi: pile of resin dust more than a foot deep.
Sanjay Joshi: built up on top of the blend room, due to periodic cleaning of.
Sanjay Joshi: On the morning of February 22,003,
Sanjay Joshi: production line 405 was shut down for routine cleaning.
Sanjay Joshi: The oven was still on
Sanjay Joshi: of its doors left open to control the temperature because the oven thermostat had broken weeks earlier.
Sanjay Joshi: Csb. Investigators later determined that most likely a small fire, unseen by workers had started inside the oven
Sanjay Joshi: by a buildup of resin during cleaning workers, had discovered that a transition duct
Sanjay Joshi: leading from the mat, former to the dust collector
Sanjay Joshi: was clogged. They used a compressed air lance to dislodge the material back through clean out doors into the production area, together with other cleaning activities. This created a dense dust cloud
Sanjay Joshi: around line 405.
Sanjay Joshi: A wall fan blew the cloud toward the open oven.
Sanjay Joshi: The dust was ignited by the small fire inside.
Sanjay Joshi: Flames erupted from the oven, igniting the larger dust cloud which exploded.
Sanjay Joshi: This was quickly followed by a second dust explosion, their end of production line.
Sanjay Joshi: 4 employees nearby were injured.
Sanjay Joshi: One later died from severe burn.
Sanjay Joshi: The force of the 2 explosions
Sanjay Joshi: and dispersed accumulated dust throughout the production area.
Sanjay Joshi: This airborne dust fueled a quickly moving fireball
Sanjay Joshi: spreading west along the roof trusses toward production line 403, which was also surrounded by
Sanjay Joshi: 4 workers in this area were fatally burned.
Sanjay Joshi: The fireball continued past line 402, fatally injuring 2 more workers.
Sanjay Joshi: then to line 401, where a 3rd explosion
Sanjay Joshi: nearly 300 feet from where the 1st blast was ignited.
Sanjay Joshi: 3 workers in this area were severely burned.
Sanjay Joshi: 4 production lines were not adequately segregated, and this allowed the dust explosion to very quickly travel from one production line to the next to the next.
Sanjay Joshi: In this case most of the employees who died were actually working a far distance from where the initial fire began.
Sanjay Joshi: Nfpa. Recommends minimizing horizontal surfaces where dust can collect.
Sanjay Joshi: But the Csb. Found that this was not done at Cta. At Cta acoustics. There were many actions that were being completed that were prohibited in the Nfpa. Codes and standards. For instance, if you're using compressed air that can create more dust in the air to cause a larger fuel load for the actual explosion.
Sanjay Joshi: Cta personnel also used brooms and fans to clean the production lines
Sanjay Joshi: which dispersed dust throughout the building.
Sanjay Joshi: Nfpa standards emphasize the use of safe cleaning methods such as vacuuming with specialized equipment.
Sanjay Joshi: Well, normal routine. Daily housekeeping
Sanjay Joshi: workers address the working and walking services in their production areas. They address their equipment.
Sanjay Joshi: the places that they can see. But when it comes to preventing dust explosions. Much more is needed.
Sanjay Joshi: You have to clean in the out of the way places up near the rafters. You also don't want to over. Rely on housekeeping, because if you have housekeeping around the clock, and you're still seeing layers of dust, you might want to look at your system to see why that dust is being produced. In the 1st place.
Sanjay Joshi: the Csb. Also found the material safety data sheets for the phenolic resin powder used at Cta did not adequately warn of the dust explosion hazard.
Sanjay Joshi: Kentucky State fire inspectors had not visited the facility since its construction. In 1972 insurance companies had inspected the plant on multiple occasions.
Sanjay Joshi: but never identified the dust hazard.
Sanjay Joshi: Neither had State authorities.
Sanjay Joshi: We found that Kentucky Osha had, in fact, inspected this facility not long before the explosion.
Sanjay Joshi: yet they had not
Sanjay Joshi: uncovered the combustible dust hazard. We further learned that they had not received specific training to be able to detect this deadly hazard.
Sanjay Joshi: Following the Csb. Investigation, Kentucky officials established a new program to inspect facilities with dust hazards, and developed an educational bulletin on dust which was distributed to thousands of facilities.
Sanjay Joshi: Why do these accidents keep occurring? Is the age-old question. The knowledge is out there to make sure that no deaths occur due to dust explosions. I think the big problem with combustible dust is that we underestimate its hazards. We become complacent, and we fail to take the necessary precautions. But it's not going to happen to my plant
Sanjay Joshi: because it never happened that way before. I mean, we've been operating for 40 years and never had a problem. That kind of a logic is one that can guarantee you get into trouble.
Sanjay Joshi: Any material that they have in their process in a dust form should be tested
Sanjay Joshi: to determine if it is a dust explosion, potential or not.
Sanjay Joshi: In the 19 seventies and eighties the US. Experienced a series of grain dust explosions that killed many people. Osha responded with new regulations. In 1987, requiring preventive maintenance, worker training
Sanjay Joshi: and formal dust cleaning programs in grain, handling facilities.
Sanjay Joshi: a 2,003 Osha analysis concluded that the number of deaths from grain dust explosions had dropped dramatically.
Sanjay Joshi: Osha has a specific standard for grain dust.
UPL University: So what is the learning from this video?
UPL University: Just explosion? Correct.
UPL University: So
UPL University: here dust explosion requires a different kind of ignition source. Correct? Most of them are from heated surface or direct ignition source correct, but electrical
UPL University: installations can also be a part of them correct, and that can lead to dust. Explosion. Okay. Now, before we go for today's session. Let's quickly recall what we learned yesterday.
UPL University: Pipes of Jones, how we started
UPL University: initially, we have gone for the basic terminologies correct different basic terminologies which are used in the classification requirement correct. So flammability range is correct. Lel, ul plus point, then power point, auto ignition, correct all those related ventilation. We have seen correct different types of ventilation, and how it will impact
UPL University: correct web density, correct, what else
UPL University: grades correct? There is a difference between grades and Jones correct. So grade. We have seen all the 3 continuous primary and secondary grade, and how it is differentiated with the Joan, what else
UPL University: we are seeing the temperature classification correct?
UPL University: IP. Protection correct.
UPL University: Then in between there are different examples of different zones which can be possible. Correct.
UPL University: We have seen which areas are classified which areas are not classified. Correct, how? Which are the hazardous area, how the definition is present, correct those things, what else?
UPL University: And finally, we have seen the protection methods correct. Only 2 slides were there. So this is a transformer. Here, you can see there are different principles, different protective methods are used and you can have. This is giving you idea that because when you see the transformer at your site, you will have the exact
UPL University: understanding. So here you can see ex. B.
UPL University: Well increased safety is there exia that is, increased safety, correct.
UPL University: intrinsic shape, correct, Iea. That is the most important part. So you can see you will have a different methods which are used for the protection you will find normally in a transfer. So this is just giving you idea.
UPL University: Okay, so here, xi, or
UPL University: ib, correct. So where it is used, that that part are addressed correct. Normally, you will find motors with Exd and B correct transformers. Exd correct instruments. Normally, Xia, correct lighting fittings, D type, correct switch gear control gear, d, type
UPL University: exi, correct telephone equipments and communication, because that is also important instruments used in the communication or tower. Those are also important. Correct. You want a portable hand lens correct? So.
UPL University: remove this. 5, 5, 7, 1. Correct. Now this. 5, 5, 7, 1 is completely removed. Correct. So I think I'm not removed from the slide, but it is now replaced with the or superseded with the one is 1, 6, 7, 2, 4.
UPL University: So here there are examples are given correct normally as a practice. How?
UPL University: Which kind of considerations are taken? Correct. So zone 0 1, 2, correct. What kind of
UPL University: grade is there
UPL University: which kind of protection is required? Correct, based on that, you will have a installation requirement correct. So
UPL University: here it's a combination all gas and dust correct, and even a coal also because coal is not a part of is 5, 5, 7, 2. It's a separate consideration. But here it is shown. Okay. Now, before we go for today's session. Yesterday there were questions like pipe correct if it is installed at a location and there is a flange, what will be the zone marking correct?
UPL University: So I would check for low and moderate
UPL University: 3 meter radius is fine. No need for any other extension requirement if it is open and well ventilated.
UPL University: if that plane is having a sayd or some enclosure kind of thing, or within some room. Then 8 meter radius is minimum required.
UPL University: Okay? And if it is a large quantity that we have categorized 3 correct small, medium, and large. In that large category, then minimum requirement is 16 meter, and second is a 13 meter, 3 0 3 0 meter. That is a requirement for large
UPL University: capacity carrying pipelines where planes is present. Correct. So this is the clarification. And second
UPL University: question was asked, if we are having a cylinder stored condition correct now here.
UPL University: nowhere. It is clearly mentioned. I have checked in Nfp. Also, but Nfpa says that you want a single cylinder or a multiple cylinder
UPL University: connected, or in a manifold form, you need to classify.
Bakshi Manish: And don't think.
UPL University: Clear so, and that radius is for lighter and heavier both the
UPL University: kind of gases you can take 4.5 actually, for heavier. It is one meter plus 3 meters. So 3 meter is fine for that, but lighter than air, it is 4.5 like hydrogen. So
UPL University: so that is a clarity for yesterday's question. Okay, now we'll start.
Bakshi Manish: One.
UPL University: Yeah.
UPL University: better.
UPL University: So, requirement is considered under Oisd and Oisd says many things
UPL University: you want to intact things. Also, they are considering they follow the requirement. Okay? Similar question like, it will come in the dust also. Many times. Many people are asking me why cold requires a plane proof. Installation in cold. Why plane proof? Installation is required. Correct.
UPL University: It's having a smolder fire. Normal fires are occurring in this. But why? Installation needs to be a plane proof type. But it is not like that. It requires a plane proof, because there is a separate standard for that whole properization. There is a separate standard in industry, you can refer that there it is clearly mentioned, plane proof installations are required. Moreover, if you are sure that poll is coming, from
UPL University: which location, how much vocs are present in that correct. Normally you will find 14 plus 16 plus correct. If it is more than 2224 plus vocs. Automatically, you need, because that will generate it is having a methane, it it is having a hydrogen, it is having a carbon monoxide.
UPL University: Moreover, if that coal is received from press mines. Then also it requires, because press mines having a more possibility of methane
UPL University: correct. So these are always the questions. Many times there are those are questions, but there is always a provision for those things correct, and that is why it is required.
UPL University: and that is why Paso is always asking for this. In Paso also, they use the word 5, 5, 7, 2, in 5, 5, 7, 2. There is a provision of drum dispensing my paso is asking is only because there is a provision of that figure that is showing you drum dispensing requirement, and that drum dispensing falls under a category. So that is reported in 5, 5, 7, 2,
UPL University: and so normally they will you. You will dispense the drum at the storage area itself you will take.
UPL University: and once you dispense the drum that means automatically bunk is loose, and that area under falls under the classification.
Bakshi Manish: Totally.
UPL University: But yes, we have to take care whether it is necessary or not that we have to define sometimes. That is why you will find even not only in is 5,572, all the 3 standards correct Nfpa. Or is 5,572, or Oisd, they are clearly mentioning, based on judgment. You have to take decision, correct when you are classifying or making zone extension, requirement or marking of zones correct.
UPL University: So now today we'll have a dust part correct, and we'll cover dust, and then we'll have a some exercises.
UPL University: So dust is nearly similar to
UPL University: pepper, gas, and mist. Kind, correct here.
UPL University: Whatever is applied to
UPL University: vapor, gas and mist, also applicable here, like catastrophic pillars, are not considered correct. So what do you understand? By catastrophic pillar? In dust case?
UPL University: Mainly 2 things. One is equipment, rupture. That means silo, or any equipment which which will rupture, and second is transfer or conveying line rupture correct, because mostly you will find this too majority of time correct.
UPL University: So similar, like basic concept. Here also desk concept for combustible dust.
UPL University: So this is also taken from new standard correct. Actually, I have earlier referred, this standard was old, which I had, but now it is available in India is 6 0 0 7, 9, 10, desk, 2, 2, 0 1 5. 0, correct. That is the standard. Maybe this will also get revised soon.
UPL University: But this is the standard from where all the definitions are taken.
UPL University: so finely divided, solid particles correct, 500 micron, or less in nominal size. Correct.
UPL University: What is what do you understand? By nominal size
UPL University: powder related? Any any any lectures earlier taken.
UPL University: So there it is covered. Nominal size.
UPL University: Yeah. So normally, powder is not having a exact.
UPL University: you can say same size throughout. It is having a larger particle, smaller particle correct. So you need to identify what is the average size correct, of that mixture, correct so.
UPL University: and different cus are used correct. So here, when we use the word 500 micron size, that means us 40 cu. Size correct, that is used for that correct
UPL University: so nominal size which may form explosive mixture with air at atmospheric pressure and normal temperature. Correct. So this is a definition for the combustible dust correct. And we have seen in the video there are many combustible dust
UPL University: which were those chemicals.
Bakshi Manish: Sure.
UPL University: Very good sugar. What else?
UPL University: Actually, I have not covered imperial sugars. There is video, you can reaper. There are many, at least 3 4 other chemicals where dust explosion has taken place in us.
UPL University: and 2,006 before most of them are around 2,006, 2,008 around. And if you refer those, you will have a more idea, because each video is around 2015, 20 min. So try to cover majority of incidents of industry.
UPL University: what else? Only sugar.
UPL University: aluminum, correct aluminium powder, most important, correct many a times. Here it was a aluminium powder, collecting industry. But it is also important. If you are using that in a process, then also take care of that correct, because normally in aluminium, powder, pine dust are always accumulated in the bag
UPL University: or a drum correct. So when you are just sometimes it happens in manual. When you jerk the bag, it will, having a
UPL University: momentarily fireball. We have seen that fireball correct, which was for the P. Polyethylene. It was for the polyethylene what else?
UPL University: Which other chemicals Polymer correct? Normally, Polymer, also having a some similar tendency. What else?
UPL University: Karma products correct. So organic compounds. Few organic compounds those which are having similar, then
UPL University: pinolic rating, correct normally, pinoli craziness are also falling under the same category, and last one, which was a grain correct earlier, 1998, and before most of the incidents in us industry was from grain industry. Normally stars like then, those are the most explosive industry.
Bakshi Manish: Wait for also.
UPL University: Yes, yes, wheat flour, so ata, check, attajack industry are the most dust, explosive industry, correct stars, sugar, all those
UPL University: so that should been always been addressed so.
Bakshi Manish: And fine code is also coming in this part.
UPL University: Pardon.
Bakshi Manish: Fine coal, dust.
UPL University: Yes, yes, fine coal dust also falls.
UPL University: Even sawdust will also be considered correct. Now nowadays in India many people have started using this coal dust mixed with
UPL University: some other burning material in the boiler, correct even a busa. Also they were started in many places, so that is also important, because that also
UPL University: can create a explosion correct? So at least. But how much fine that particles that that is more important.
UPL University: Second, is a combustible flyings correct. So this standard is applicable for 2 things. One is solids. That means a dust and flyings correct so, and fibers few places. It's a fibers also correct
UPL University: solid particles, including fibers, correct, greater than 500 micron in nominal size, which may form explosive, sir, correct, same.
UPL University: and combustible flanks are classified as group 3. A correct.
UPL University: There are 3 groups. We'll see that correct 3 groups. One is for this planks. It is a 3, a
UPL University: non conductive. It is a 3 b, and for conductive dust it is a 3 c. Correct to remember very easily. Just remember C, that is conductive and 3 c. Is conductive, correct. So
UPL University: that is how you can recall there are test which is performed like non conductive test, correct. So here resistivity is normally checked for dust, and if it is greater than 10 s. To 3 ohm. Meter, then
UPL University: it is, if it is higher than it is a non conductive, if it is less than it is a conductive correct. So normally, you will find this conductive taste.
UPL University: Karaka.
UPL University: Yeah.
UPL University: oh, that is a different yeah. But these are all categorized in a standard. I'm not sure but I have to just check that, whether it is the same or different, but that that is re
UPL University: 10 is too high. Yes, yes, it's very high.
UPL University: So here it is only for this 1st form possible.
UPL University: But you can refer this under the test, which is in 6, 00 7, 9, 12. Because all these tests which are performed having a requirement that is mentioned in that standard.
UPL University: and all. So whatever apparatus parameters. Many other things are covered under that correct, because that itself takes a separate lecture. So, but it's better to normally, that is followed by those experts, those who are carrying out the taste correct, and I think in India, I think 2 or 3 experts are there. Those who are carrying out this kind of taste. Correct. One is, I think, Seba tech there, intertech and foske correct. So all the 3
UPL University: okay explosive dust atmosphere. So here, similar like in vapor
UPL University: mixture with air under atmospheric condition of claimable substance in the form of dust
UPL University: which, after ignition, permits self-sustained propagation. This is the most important word self sustained propagation. If this is not self sustained, it will not having any impact correct, like in the vapor also correct, it will continue then, only it's a problem.
UPL University: So hazardous. Area in dust area, in which combustible dust is form of cloud, is present, or may be expected to be present in quantities such as require a special precautions for again construction, installation
UPL University: of the equipment correct. Now here you will find 2 parts, one is, or combustible dust, cloud
UPL University: and dust layer.
UPL University: Now, layer is also important, because, sometimes, when dust layer gets disturbed, it generates a dust dispersion.
UPL University: and that is more dangerous. So we have seen in the previous videos. Correct second explosions are more dangerous, because, let us say, small explosion. First, st small explosion. If dust is accumulated on the structure or building or equipment, or outside, anywhere correct, that will release that
UPL University: surface, and that will be a
UPL University: more dangerous, and that can cause a serious second dust explosion. So that is why so many times you will find in standard they are writing. Consider layer
UPL University: converted into the dust
UPL University: cloud. Correct. So you have to take precautions for both layer as well as cloud correct.
UPL University: So note one. Hazardous area is divided into Jones, based upon the frequency and duration of the occurrence of the explosion that we'll see again, and the potential of creating an explosive dust cloud from dust layer also needs to be considered. So here in note 2 you can see dust
UPL University: layer when it is dispersed into the dust cloud, or it can form a dust cloud. Then also it needs to be considered correct, and that also are considered under hazardous area.
UPL University: Non-hizardous area where you will not find permission of such things correct and doesn't require any specific.
UPL University: you can say equipment requirements. This is also important dust containment. This dust containment is most important. We can say, because many times in standard they are only defining dust containment. But then, after they are using the word dust containment, protective measures for dust containment, other things for dust containment. So in dust containment, there are 4 things that you have to remember. Dust containment is system or equipment. Where we are handling this, all this dust particles correct.
UPL University: which is connected with 4 areas one is to handle.
UPL University: What do you understand by dust handling?
UPL University: What do you understand? By dust handling.
Bakshi Manish: Collecting that as.
UPL University: Collecting or transferring correct. Or let us say, if you are having a conveying system, so handling, how you are handling
UPL University: correct manual handling, mechanical handling. Correct all, all those part correct. Second is process. What do you understand? By process
UPL University: process? That means directly using, or you are reprocessing, or you are making some let us say milling. So it's finding or grinding
UPL University: correct. So. But here the process covers all. If you are using in the dust in a process itself, that part and you are processing dust itself, both the part correct transport, so canoeing part, how you are transporting correct. So what what kind of transport can be possible.
Bakshi Manish: To conveyor belt.
UPL University: Conveyor. Very good. What else?
UPL University: Pneumatic nitrogen? What else? Bucket, elevator? What else?
UPL University: Powder charges? What the most most bulk drug. How you will transport truck
UPL University: coal you are having correct. So truck is also part. Remember correct. Sometimes people forget to classify those areas, but truck is also a part. If you are having a dust which is in a bulk, form correct and unloading point, correct where it is
UPL University: having some manual transport requirements correct so.
UPL University: and stores. Last one is a store. What do you understand by store
UPL University: silos correct. So either direct equipment or silos or bags, or how you are storing that dust correct, so that so all these 4 areas are falling under dust containment, and they will use the word dust containment most of the time in the standard correct. So you have to understand either of this.
UPL University: Any of this operation can be possible, correct
UPL University: while minimizing the risk of the release of the dust to the surrounding atmosphere.
UPL University: Source of dust. Release. Now again the similar, like in the vapor gas. Here also you have to find out the source of dust. Release. Now let's exercise. What are the source of dust? Release in the plant.
Bakshi Manish: Packing area.
UPL University: Packing area. Okay, packing area packing area, which exit area in packing. There are many things correct.
Bakshi Manish: Bag loaded.
UPL University: Pilling, but correct. So small bags, jumbo bags, drums, whatever way correct, what else?
UPL University: Dust collector correct. So if you are having a cyclone separator or dust collectors correct, or, let us say, if drying is carried out and final dust
UPL University: collector system. Okay, what else?
UPL University: Correct pneumatic conveying, let us say, if you are having a pneumatic convey of air.
UPL University: Fbd is correct. Pluda is bed dryers correct? So those areas, what else?
UPL University: Powder charging stations? What else?
UPL University: That's all.
UPL University: Or we Couldaska.
Bakshi Manish: Okay.
UPL University: You are having a sometimes slurry sampling correct
UPL University: here. If you have seen that P incident, it was actually a liquid form, but they were not aware with the slurry form hazards correct, it was in slurry. That's why it was not having any problem but that slurry dried. Then, after that, having a explosive properties correct. So hybrid mixture, it falls under the hybrid mixture also. Sometimes. So you have to always identify those areas, correct where you are having a possibility of that. So sampling correct wherever you are, having either slurry sampling, or direct
UPL University: dried material sampling, whether it's a tray dryer or your rotocon dryer, or there are many correct, so pedal dryer, so many, so any correct, even Anfd correct. So all drying when you are carrying out some sampling, and so those are the location from where normally exposure can be possible. What else?
UPL University: Storage storage area? Very good storage area, coal, storage area or other, let us say certain not only coal coal is one of the possibility, but let us say metal is there, then metal also needs correct. Similarly, any other area that you need to incorporate
UPL University: at your site. Let let us say, if you are using catalyst. Certain catalysts are also falling under this category. Correct. So you have to always identify those catalyst. In the past video
UPL University: there were catalysts which is normally discarded by the industry, and they reprocess those metals for the again forming of catalyst correct. So that is also possible. So sometimes some catalyst which is having a high metal content, certain type of correct can also be considered under this correct, but you have to know which
UPL University: are those correct, even at certain times. You are also charging metal turnings or fine powder. Correct. So those are also important. Sometimes you are using iron powder, correct
UPL University: reduction reactions correct. So that is also considered
UPL University: so metal when it is in a grinded form and charge, or stored correct
UPL University: because those powders are not in a small bag, or sometimes it is in a bulk correct. So
UPL University: so bulk storage of those. What else?
UPL University: That's all the origbar totally reactor charging areas.
UPL University: charging area. Correct? Yeah, mixing blender. Yes, of Kaga.
UPL University: You are mixing correct. You are only formulation blending, Kare correct. So there are possibilities. Jahape just blend, Karkin, mix Kark, Bedera.
UPL University: correct process, mediaga, correct or final product, finishing.
UPL University: finishing a brightener brightening requirement. So final finishing. So all those areas you have to identify when you are considering source of release.
UPL University: Okay, so point or location, correct, maybe similar to the point or location correct.
UPL University: from which dust may be released into the atmosphere. Correct source of dust release can be from dust. So now here you can see dust containment. Yeah, I already word use correct dust, containment, correct
UPL University: continuous grade release, correct release, which is continuous or expected to be continue.
UPL University: So continuous. Permission of it. Does cloud
UPL University: so cloud and layer? Both are very much important, because some mandatory requirements are there in standard, that when you are classifying, you need to have a certain basic parameters. Availability
UPL University: must be reported
UPL University: many times. Sometimes companies are not disclosing because of some confidentiality, but you should know these are the parameters for that particular dust.
UPL University: Whether it will be in the form of cloud or in the form of layer.
UPL University: so cloud is location in which dust cloud may exist continuously, or may expected to continue for long periods, or, let us say, for a short period, if it is for the short period, it will, having a more frequency like either 3 either of these 3
UPL University: so continuous for long periods and short period, then frequency is high, and
UPL University: 1st one is continuously like all the 3 possibilities.
UPL University: So here also, again, the same primary secondary grid
UPL University: release which can be expected to occur correct, expected to occur periodically in normal operation. Here again, it's a normal operation there. Also it was a normal operation, secondary. It is not in normal operation correct. But if it occurs, it will be for the short time. That is what the difference
UPL University: release, which is not expected to occur in normal operation. But it does occurs likely to do
UPL University: only infrequently and for a short period, very short period. It will be extent of zone.
UPL University: Here also, sometimes during classification, you need to extend the zone, how much extension is required, correct, based on the different characteristics of the dust.
UPL University: so distance in any direction from the edge of the source of release to the point where the hazard associated with the release is considered to exit no more. That means after that there is no hazard of that dust.
UPL University: explosion, possibilities, correct or dust hazard is no more present
UPL University: ignition temperature. So here you have to remember, there are 2 ignition temperature correct normally during
UPL University: consideration of temperature class. At that time you have to consider both the this temperature lower. One is considered for the requirement correct, because lower is more important.
UPL University: So ignition temperature of a dust layer that is the lowest temperature of a surface at which ignition occurs in a dust on the surface, correct and dust cloud. Lowest temperature of the hot inner wall of a furnace at which ignition occurs in a dust cloud in air contained there incorrect. Yeah. Here you will find
UPL University: wall of a furnace correct. These words are taken because it's taken from the testing requirement. So taste there are taste where it's under the furnace. Correct. So that is how.
UPL University: So that normal temperature is considered so normally. Either of these 2, whichever is the lower one that is considered for the
UPL University: selection part
UPL University: normal operation, so operation of which confirming electrically and mechanically with its design, specification and use within the limit specified by the manufacturer. So you have 2 parts
UPL University: electrical and mechanically. Why, mechanically.
UPL University: Normal operation, you will find mechanical integrity is very much important for all the equipment, sending dust.
UPL University: pairing. What else?
UPL University: Root reval?
UPL University: What else?
UPL University: Crusher. What else I'm learning.
UPL University: If you see this installations which are connected, or equipment which are connected with dust, let us say today I have a very new assembly, and I started my operation correct. Let us, after 3 years, what will be the the condition of
UPL University: that assembly?
UPL University: Many things correct dust, formation. There is a integrity failure, correct leakages, spillages, possibilities, will start from that correct, and that is why
UPL University: it is not considering
UPL University: paper, Miss Standard, but in the standard it is very clearly mentioned over a period of time. You have to
UPL University: check again the classification only because of aging factor.
UPL University: Correct?
UPL University: So
UPL University: that is why it is important in this. So that is why, electrically and mechanically correct, and you to always follow the requirement of
UPL University: your manufacturer. Correct minor release of dust which may form a cloud or a layer can also be a part of the operation. You will find these notes normally, because layer is also a part.
UPL University: And that's why layers are always been considered
UPL University: correct. So here it it is just giving you idea different.
UPL University: How it will look like we have seen that video correct that PE was blown and some taste were performed in the tube correct. So
UPL University: similar phenomena occurs in the
UPL University: plant or industry level. Also correct if you direct it will having a fireball if it is having a correct so
UPL University: So we have already seen. This is also presented in that 2 additional things are there, correct fuel, oxygen and heat. That is a basic requirement for other things. Correct here additional 2 things that is a confinement that is close
UPL University: and second is dispersant, in that it should be a disperse. Correct.
UPL University: But here ventilation is not good, ventilation is good for
UPL University: vapor and gas. If here you are providing ventilation, there is a more chances of
UPL University: explosion correct, because it is having a more airborne particles in the atmosphere, and more airborne particle. That means more chances of your dust explosivity correct.
UPL University: So
UPL University: certain things are used in the industry, correct for measuring the combustibility correct, so minimum ignition, energy correct, so lowest temperature, lowest ignition, energy correct. We'll see some
UPL University: values normally in vapor gas.
UPL University: How much minimum ignition, energy is required
UPL University: in vapor and gas, how much emission energy is required normally.
UPL University: just thumb rule. I'm not saying precise value. I'm just saying thumb rule.
UPL University: panther. Okay? What else?
UPL University: Normally you will find most of the vapors and gas Uck range, he will be delayed
UPL University: 50 milliljoule can each a hoga 101% most of the time correct and majority of time that will be below 20 millijoule, correct, or both important edge of critical edges, hydrogen. So 0 point 0 2 millijoule parts millijoule can each a submillion, but you will need a consideration.
UPL University: but there are few ranges that you will always recall. Most of the temperature class T, 3, auto ignition. Most of the chemical Oc
UPL University: area may right eye correct. So similarly, apo dust may be aside. Dust may
UPL University: which area keep product organa, so that is having a similar milliule requirement.
UPL University: Hydrocarbon valley. Yeah, organic valley specific. So that is how the
UPL University: thumb rule you can use in certain millijoule requirement for Mi to recall correct.
UPL University: And and second, is Mec minimum explosion, concentration
UPL University: and deplayration correct so many times tests are performed for that correct. I think these are covered under any other lecture
UPL University: covered. Correct, I think.
UPL University: Oh.
UPL University: okay, am I? So it is the smallest amount of heat or electrical energy that is needed to ignite a dust or air mixture. The smaller the value, the more volatile the dust is.
UPL University: There are number of physical characters that influence the products. Am I correct. So what are those? So one is chemical composition.
UPL University: organic and metal have a lower mi correct. So chemical composition is very much important in that correct. It will having a direct impact on mi.
UPL University: Second, is the particle size correct, smaller, the particle higher is the chances of mi value will go.
UPL University: list, correct.
UPL University: the smaller the particle lower the mi and moisture content. Correct. Here it's mentioned moisture, but it's not necessarily moisture. Sometimes lod also correct. Sometimes we are not having a moisture presence. But whatever liquid in which we are drying so lod can also be possible.
UPL University: so moisture, content, or lod, the lower the moisture, the lower the mi correct. So whenever you will find
UPL University: dust explosive material in your process, normally, and
UPL University: the same is a part of intermediate. You should not
UPL University: Dry it much.
UPL University: make it slightly wet condition, and transfer it to the next step. Right? So it is. It will. It is going to avoid this hazards which is connected with the dust.
UPL University: Correct. So this is just giving you idea. Normally
UPL University: solids, you will have around normally around 200, millil up to correct few examples having a more and more than that, but normally 200 below you will find a majority of this. So corn correct. Corn is also a dust explosive industry. Correct? So normally starch or corn, correct
UPL University: wheat vote, correct barley.
UPL University: So we have been correct starts
UPL University: rice, correct sugar. That is also most prone.
UPL University: Okay,
UPL University: sugar is also having some special hazards correct. Normally, you will not find in all other, necessarily, that hazard is sugar having a layer formation. Normally what happens? Sugar is hygroscopic.
UPL University: It will having a moisture once it absorb the moisture, it will start forming a layer
UPL University: so that layer is ticked
UPL University: sticky in nature, so it will build a layer so much of larger layer, and that layer sometimes cause this hazard plus exposure hazards correct.
UPL University: And sometimes it happens now, we have provided static charge bonding, and many things. It doesn't work, because that resistance, because of those layers correct, is more than that.
UPL University: The
UPL University: static charge, discharge, requirement correct so that can cause incident. So other pewdus correct. So here you will find all metal related. So aluminium, 10 millilitule, corn and epoxy rays incorrect. Normally, very small amount, correct milk, powder, correct milk powder is also again explosive in nature, so sugar sulfur correct sulfur is also important. Sometimes sulfur is used in a bulk correct, but people are not aware with
UPL University: then. So finally.
UPL University: hind sulfur, you have to always take precautions. Acetone, correct acrolene Bengene. Correct here. It is just giving you idea of peppers. And
UPL University: so you will see, vapors are normally less than 5 milliule. You will find all important chemicals which are used in the industry.
UPL University: So these are the examples of flammable dust in industry, correct acetamide, adipic acid, aluminium.
UPL University: carbon cellulose. Copy. Correct copy is also one of them correct.
UPL University: In copy also there are 2 grades, correct, Robusta and Arabica. Accordingly, it is having an impact on that correct
UPL University: corn, epoxy, iron milk, nylon, correct nylon. We have seen that example. Correct nylon. There are explosions in nylon, correct in industry.
UPL University: paper, polystyrene.
UPL University: correct starch, steel sucrose, correct sometimes people are using sucrose or glucose correct, but they are not aware with this, so at least ensure those bags which are handled correct wheat, wood, and gin correct.
UPL University: So sometimes zinc powder is also used. Correct. So these are you
UPL University: examples of dust? Correct. Now, Mec, it is us
UPL University: often called as allele correct. Mec is the minimum concentration of combustible dust suspended in air.
UPL University: measured in mass per volume that is supported.
UPL University: This is, as per osha, correct, measured in orange per pet cube. Correct orange is, how much?
UPL University: What is the unit on that is 1 16th of pound correct is orange.
UPL University: That is the lowest unit used in us normally.
UPL University: Mec. Is depend dependent on the size of the particle. Again, smaller the particle it is having a more criticality. The temperature of the ignition source correct.
UPL University: and the amount of oxygen in the air correct, so that is covered
UPL University: a rule of thumb, a cloud density in which visibility of 25 watt light bulb is less than 6 feet is sufficient to create an explosion. This is a Home rule is given correct. So 6 feet distance if you are maintaining, and you are not in a position to see that correct. So that is considered.
UPL University: The Mec is the measure of the dispersant factor in the commostible dust. Pentagon. Correct that, Pentagon. We have seen that correct.
UPL University: If the amount of dust in the air per cubic foot is greater than the Mec
UPL University: explosive conditions are possible.
UPL University: So I think more detail are covered under one of the lecture for the
UPL University: which laser some testing requirements are covered. Under this, all those things will be covered. That is what I understand. So I'm just, I'm not going in detail but just you need to know
UPL University: what is the output from those results are important for for dust, explosion or Hsc study requirement.
UPL University: because those results are you are utilizing for classifying and joining purpose correct. So that is why
UPL University: diplagration, deeplagration is the index measured in a bar meter per second. Correct
UPL University: how big an exposure would be measuring the maximum rate of pressure. That is, a pressure rate of pressure rise correct
UPL University: and higher. The this value more is a severity correct. So at least.
UPL University: and normally. Kst, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2. That can also be possible. 1, 2, 3. How it is used correct. Normally. Kst. 2. That means the higher the value that is a more violent correct. Kst. 2. Is the violent reaction correct and 0 is not affecting you much. So
UPL University: these are Ksts correct. So this is just giving you idea of Kst values correct? so
UPL University: milk powder is small, correct.
UPL University: but stars again, 190 correct aluminum powder, you can see 400 correct, and that is why, in explosion industry correct certain compounds or determinators, aluminum powders are used
UPL University: up, or
UPL University: that is correct. Even a magnesium powders are also used, aluminum and magnesium. Both are used for some explosive industries.
UPL University: and you can see Kst value is 5 0 8. So it is having a
UPL University: so primary and secondary explosions. This is slightly different than in vapor and gas. There are only no such things in dust because of dust, layer formation.
UPL University: There are chances that whatever dust which has raised in the airborne particles which are
UPL University: forming a dust cloud in a certain hedge orders.
UPL University: Material form.
UPL University: after ignition of that particular cloud, can result into the formation of new cloud or formation of a
UPL University: dispersion of dust, layer and forming a new explosion. Correct. That is possible, and that is why secondary explosions are normally most important. If housekeeping is not maintained
UPL University: correct.
UPL University: So what makes a combustible dust. Explosion more dangerous than a fire is, how violent it is, and how rapidly it can spread. Correct 2 things. One is
UPL University: talk wheel, and second is
UPL University: sock wave distance, both correct sock waves, intensity and distance correct. If it is intense and
UPL University: high distance, then it will cover all the areas wherever this dust is accumulated and that will create a so fire will not spread without a fuel. If no fuel is available, the fire will die. Okay? So.
UPL University: Selp.
UPL University: you have a secondary part. Correct. If you want to see the secondary part. Explosion imperial sugar. Correct. There was a incident in us correct. You can refer that most of the structural part having a
UPL University: that accumulation. And there was one another explosion where there was, I think, steel industry. Iron industry was there. There also it was, a huge amount of pine powder was accumulated on structure, and after second 1st explosion the second explosion was more severe in nature correct, and which destroyed a lot
UPL University: so normally primary is not making much problem
UPL University: here. Let us say it is a primary you can see correct, but because of primary. Wherever this dust is accumulated that will disperse in the atmosphere, and forming a cloud, and that can, having a more dangerous correct. So once small primary explosion can lead to a
UPL University: serious secondary explosion. If conditions are not complied at site correct. So
UPL University: we'll see that part, so most of the standards poor dust.
UPL University: Use the word housekeeping correct best housekeeping you have to ensure. If you maintain the housekeeping automatically, this hazard will be less at your site. Correct?
UPL University: That is what in video also says, correct in that pharma pharma plant. Normally, pharma plants having a mandatory requirement to maintain a cleanliness right, but
UPL University: for ducting part they have not carried out that right. So, duck where that
UPL University: dust was accumulated, and that has lead to a serious explosion.
UPL University: So now, John, again, similar like there. June 2021 and 22,
UPL University: a place in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud or dust.
UPL University: There
UPL University: is present continuously here also the same continuously or for long periods, or frequently all the 3 terms correct, that is so, which are those normally which is in direct contact, correct. So direct contact that means inside the dust containment inside the dust containment. Now let me give the examples here they will use the containment dust containment. They will not use the which equipments correct. So now give me the examples of dust, containment
UPL University: locations inside dust containment. What are those in industry?
UPL University: Dryer. Okay, inside, dryer inside, dust, collector silos.
Bakshi Manish: I'll realize that.
UPL University: Conveyor, close conveyor.
UPL University: What else
UPL University: here conveyor is always having this possibility.
UPL University: because conveyors are open, semi, close, or close all the 3 possible.
UPL University: So, in which case this is applicable.
UPL University: only close, correct if it is semi or open, not applicable.
UPL University: Okay, what else?
UPL University: That's all.
UPL University: There are many blender mixer reactor correct wherever you are taking this
UPL University: for usage, correct, all those areas needs to be covered. What else? Filter
UPL University: you are carrying out filtration, some cases correct. So filters also correct. So dust filters, back filters, all kind of filters which is
UPL University: use for
UPL University: collection of this correct. So those areas need to be identified. Okay, upper silos, cyclones and filters. Correct. So.
UPL University: Hopper, how upper? Why, it is important
UPL University: both here it is both. One is used for the material charging, correct. Second is, sometimes it is used to collect, also
UPL University: correct. We have seen that in video correct, sometimes it is used for the collection also. So all those are also falling under this
UPL University: dust transport system, except some part of the build and chain conveyors correct. So all the system where we are carrying this blenders, mills, dryers, correct baking equipment. So all those equipments where we are processing
UPL University: Joan, Joan. 21.
UPL University: So zone 21 is normally, you will find outside the zone 20, or wherever you are, having a
UPL University: lose connection or possibility of exposure. Right, a place in which an exposure, dust, sphere is in the form of dust cloud.
UPL University: copper dust in air is likely to occur in normal operation. Correct normal operation. Occasionally. Correct.
UPL University: 22. It will. Normal operation, correct zone, 2, yeah, zone 22 normal operational
UPL University: locations that may give rise to zone 20. Correct, adjacent to the dust containment, correct and immediately vicinity of the excess doors, correct.
UPL University: subject to frequent removal or opening of the purpose. Correct. So give me the example.
UPL University: Give me the example.
UPL University: Sample points, correct
UPL University: bucket elevator at the bottom door opening key provisions. Correct, even Anf drying centrifuge. Correct, even not 100% dried. But slurry form may be correct, but possibly damp exposure, correct milling cold ray.
UPL University: correct, blender. Cold. Correct. Yeah. Nicola, over here. Correct. So all those.
UPL University: even a reactors manhole correct. So that also siloka manhole correct sometimes silo also having a provision to see whether it's field condition or not correct. So those are the areas where that will go under 21
UPL University: and area outside dust containment in the proximity of filling. Correct those filling and emptying points, correct all filling and emptying, whether it's a bag filling or drum filling, or some other, let us say, vehicle filling
UPL University: car builder, vehicle filling huh!
UPL University: Calmer
UPL University: yard, can there? Or
UPL University: Siloka final, correct Muskelava, cool Valley Jaga correct, or or Suna nam
UPL University: ply as jota correct. Similarly, bulkers are also used for many other products like Pta
UPL University: polyethylene, correct pta. There is also highly static charge material. So bulkers are used for powders. Certain powders which is used in industry, correct operating food industry, many use correct.
UPL University: They are using some vehicles, so those vehicles are also falling under this nitrogen say, yeah, air market nitrogen, marauga, automatically, that
UPL University: claimable zone area correct. But those are also important. And
UPL University: those unloading points because pressure. Those are the pressure vessel smb weekend. So pressure vessel, sebo dust ke stand
UPL University: guidelines k subset. But those vessels are not carrying the powder in a pressure condition. Corrector. So for those areas also covered under this.
UPL University: So truck, dump station and it is emptied out even certain Etp related plastic pine plastic waste measure correct. So those also needs to be covered under this
UPL University: that can also form a dust exposure.
UPL University: So all those areas are also falling under zone 21.
UPL University: So areas outside. So
UPL University: those are falling under Joan. 21 thin meter, one meter, and 3 meter correct. And wherever there is a you are not in a position to identify Zone 21,
UPL University: or Ajuva zone, 22 way and small portion non classified. Ri to pura area, same classification map. So it is mentioned.
UPL University: So sometimes so purahi zone, or if you have a clearly defined, we will not
UPL University: keep bags or drums, or dust storage -oh
UPL University: in a other location. If it is defined clearly, then, you don't need to go for complete area correct, but it is mentioned. So here only one meter, one meter radius outer, say, one meter radius. Distance of one meter around the source of release is often sufficient, correct, and vertically
UPL University: checker plate as well. But if there is a impervious
UPL University: ground or surface. Then we surface the Kapko Kitchenai. Vertical man, correct.
UPL University: Bahape. 8. Meter from sourceke up, correct, or Nietzsche purajayaga.
UPL University: So
UPL University: this is 21. And now it's a 22 area in which expose the atmosphere in the form of cloud of combustible area in air is not likely to occur in a normal operation, correct normal operation, many of them, but who are so it will be for the sort, time or for a sorted frequency, correct sort.
UPL University: So conse location of sector this 22 correct, so outlet from back filter vents, correct, normally vent
UPL University: correct in the event of malfunction, can emit the explosive dust atmospheres. Correct is kelava con Syria went kelava
UPL University: equipment open in infrequent intervals. Correct, which equipment I'm testing correct
UPL University: normal operation. Many yoga but let us say which
UPL University: weekly frequency pay, which monthly 6 monthly frequency pay just open Kare
UPL University: inspection maintenance check. Who areas are those areas are covered under this correct
UPL University: dust is blown out. For example, pneumatic equipment, flexible connections that can be also become damaged. Flexible connections. Also, you need to account correct. Sometimes it happens we don't have a permanent system, and we are having a flexible, flexible connection with pneumatic
UPL University: or nitrogen provision. Correct? So you would always those areas also, hey?
UPL University: And whenever you need a extension of zone requirement. Correct?
UPL University: whenever you classify the zone, 21, and extension is required. So extension of zone 21 will also go for the zone. 22 correct.
UPL University: So
UPL University: measures would be carried of normally filling points, correct emptying points, feed builds correct sampling points, truck dump station correct.
UPL University: You have to consider outer area, which is not falling under John 21, but extended part correct. So because you will not have the precise location where this dull dust will fall so normally 21 is only within that radius where it is in direct contact, but afterwards it is under John 22.
UPL University: Correct so, and John 22 is 3, meter correct. So a 3 meter
UPL University: around the source of release is often sufficient, correct in vertical downward extended, extended till the ground.
UPL University: Solid ground, correct. So that is what
UPL University: it is mentioned. And remember, this distance is 3 dimension correct. So
UPL University: you have to keep in mind. It's not a 2 dimension, it's a 3 dimension correct. So 3D. Consideration is there?
UPL University: So these are the marking requirements like this is as per standard. So these are the
UPL University: way it is presented. Correct? 20. Is this correct? You can have different colors also. But this just giving you idea. Here it is in a straight form, in a gap, gas and vapor. It is on a slanted lines. Form correct, so those are clearly mentioned in the guidelines correct. So accordingly you can take.
UPL University: So this Jesus, giving you again inside the dust containment, hopper, silo, cyclone, correct filter transport system, blender, mill, dryer, and bagging equipment.
UPL University: He's just giving you examples.
UPL University: 21.
UPL University: Then outside the containment door. Open. Normal
UPL University: condition, correct, near filling and emptying points.
UPL University: Correct?
UPL University: Wherever this dust layers are disturbed, correct, because we have to also look for the dust layers. So those are also classified. And so normally, you will find this in a sometimes, if it is in a metal industry, if it is, structural, parts are addressed under this, and if it is in a normal operation, then we have to look for the drying area, correct drying, milling all those pine dust formation area correct so that we have to attest
UPL University: so and cleaning part also correct whenever we are cleaning such equipments
UPL University: correct and 22 outside areas of those 21 areas correct. So
UPL University: that needs to be addressed. Well, so here
UPL University: the most important part, again, is, you have to identify.
UPL University: Where is the source of leak?
UPL University: Correct? And what is the grid?
UPL University: Thanks. So again, grade is nothing to do with the quantity and rate correct that should be known.
UPL University: And here
UPL University: How is the atmosphere correct? So housekeeping part is always been addressed correct in standard housekeeping part is address, but that housekeeping they use the word good, fair, and poor, correct.
UPL University: But there is no clear definitions for that 3.rd
UPL University: So normally, some I can say
UPL University: some good industry having a practice, they always having a 5 OS. Level at least 3 s. Level.
UPL University: and they maintain the housekeeping well at their side. Correct, so good. That means negligible thickness, you will find of dust, layer
UPL University: or non non existence. Correct hair. That means shortly you will find some pocketed areas where, you will find the dust outside dust removed before a fire can start correct fires.
UPL University: So they take some additional measures that it will, once it is accumulated it will be removed
UPL University: less than a 1 sip. Correct, so normally
UPL University: poor. That means persistent. More than one shift or high risk is significant, correct. So no adequate measures are taken by the team correct for the housekeeping. So that is poor.
UPL University: so you will find more and more accumulated dust at the site.
UPL University: So this is just giving you idea
UPL University: direct contact part are June 20.
UPL University: Correct other parts are 21 and
UPL University: rest of the part are zone 22. Correct.
UPL University: Okay. Now, sometimes you are also using blower blower will fall or no, or extraction system correct.
UPL University: Sometimes we are having a dust accepting systems correct. So those also system needs to be classified, and that complete area that is also falling under this correct. So you have to consider
UPL University: that also, he's just giving you photographs of, I mean, oh, gotta go
UPL University: always when you are handling powders
UPL University: correct, you can see normally, powder handling systems are needs attention on housekeeping, part, correct.
UPL University: open transfer, correct. It's open transfer. So always in contact with the air. Correct?
UPL University: Correct
UPL University: drum mixing correct. So they are mixing inside drum in open condition. Correct? Normally, this is not a good practice correct. So
UPL University: oh, Sullivan bath left open so you can see.
UPL University: This is the most dangerous hazard. Correct. Normally, you will find structural where you will have a deposition. Correct dust deposits are sources of release correct. So this is the source. And you do more focus during housekeeping, because, in housekeeping
UPL University: easily removable dust, or you can say low.
UPL University: you can blow easily those dust you can remove, but duck when it is in the form of layer. It is not necessary that the layer will easily remove by some blowing activity, so at least ensure that
UPL University: you remove that layers correct.
UPL University: Working method, ventilation, housekeeping, maintenance and plant structure and layout correct. So this is very much important, and because of
UPL University: this consideration there are 3 considerations are covered for Hc.
UPL University: If this explosion is possible, then
UPL University: additional and installation you cannot remove from the site, or it is mandatory that you have to install that equipment.
UPL University: Then either of this principle, 3 principles are used. One is, you have to go for the explosive vent.
UPL University: explosion, wind provision.
UPL University: Second is explosion separation systems, and 3, rd one is isolation.
UPL University: Expose and isolate.
UPL University: Correct. So you will remove that equipment from that area and keep it somewhere else, so that something happens
UPL University: nothing to the other facility or human, excellent.
UPL University: Okay.
UPL University: Cold storage, cold storage, high. Yeah. Cold storage.
UPL University: How can we present the
UPL University: okay? 1st of all, normally in coal
UPL University: you should not store for a longer duration.
UPL University: That is the 1st and foremost requirement. That means.
UPL University: I'm not saying 1st in 1st out, requirement should be an address. Sometimes it happens we have stored the coal during wind
UPL University: rainy season before. Normally coal is talk
UPL University: correct. Now, if you stock that coal, what will happen.
UPL University: you will start consuming from the
UPL University: available part only correct, because all the side it is not movable.
UPL University: so always ensure that coal should not stay for a longer condition. Stored condition.
UPL University: because stored condition longer, will start
UPL University: forming a gaseous liberation from that.
UPL University: So all the guesses will start liberating and
UPL University: contents. You can.
UPL University: South Florida. I mean
UPL University: correct, but normally, for shade, you cannot keep all the complete shade. There must be some gap.
UPL University: so that easily ventilation will be there in the seed.
UPL University: Okay?
UPL University: And maybe they have partners on the to our internal zoom budget.
UPL University: That is, fire protection requirement that is separate requirement for that.
UPL University: No, it is.
UPL University: Have you gone through? Which kind of pole you are having? And what is the size?
UPL University: Because.
UPL University: yeah, you have to just refer that standard cold standard. If your size is certain range, you can having a heap like I have not covered here, but dust heap is also important.
UPL University: Correct. So the correct size is bigger, but based on angle of repose.
UPL University: You have to limit, if it is going above angle of repose automatically, that coal will slide, and once coal will slide.
UPL University: it will form a finer particles.
UPL University: so there are limits for which size coal you are using, and accordingly your height requirement.
UPL University: Let me know I will just give you in person correct. So what is the height requirement that I will let you know correct. And second thing, you have to always go for the analysis correct. What is the offset? Analysis for that goal?
UPL University: Correct? If vocs are very high, then
UPL University: surely you have to take additional measures, correct.
Bakshi Manish: Actually, 5 meter height is allowed by ship to the day
Bakshi Manish: up to 5 meter we can extract coal.
UPL University: Correct 5 meter coal. But there is a in size we have to just check, because I think 3 to 4 different heights are present in that standard. Pulverizers coal polarizer standard.
UPL University: because in finer case it is not allowed for large storage.
Bakshi Manish: Final case. It is never allowed, sir.
Bakshi Manish: so immediately we have to consume it.
UPL University: Yeah, yeah, immediately. So binary is not allowed as per my knowledge. So
UPL University: I will check with them, because different coal having a different properties correct, so accordingly, it will, having an impact.
Bakshi Manish: Yes, with high voc Ni, it can catch immediate spontaneous ignition.
UPL University: Correct, correct, and 300 ton of more than 300 ton about. It is not allowed to store in a single place under.
Bakshi Manish: Then fire, then firebake will require.
UPL University: Correct, correct.
UPL University: So
UPL University: oh, man, 0 4 4 acre of.
UPL University: But
UPL University: there also, even in open place, I'm not saying, even in open place there is a mandatory requirement. That ground should be concrete, correct. It should not be like soil
UPL University: like there are requirements for that.
UPL University: and when you store in an open area. Whatever is the quantity, but one heap of 300 metric ton is only allowed.
UPL University: Yes, and power protection system accordingly needs to be installed for those areas.
UPL University: There are guidelines for that.
UPL University: If you need more details, let me. You know I will just help you. Okay.
UPL University: sheltering is normally prepared. Why? Because what happens
UPL University: when you hire the coal at that time, let us say moisture is there in that? What will happen inside is a high temperature
UPL University: can understand, correct, and it will having a you can say that moisture will come out
UPL University: correct. So it is in a dangerous condition. Correct explosivity possibilities are more, or it is, maybe it will throw back your coal when you are trying to charge it inside. So at least those areas are not. So. That is why you have to keep it in a shade form. And other areas like normally industries, are not using much correct only except power plants where it is in more consumed.
UPL University: But there are guidelines for that you have to follow.
UPL University: And that depends on actually analysis, because what kind of coal it is correct, because whether it's Indonesian coal, lignite, coal or
UPL University: correct. Pet coke is there or correct. So
UPL University: okay.
UPL University: because in India, also coal mines, most of them are located on eastern part, but those having also different coal properties. So at least you should know which coal you are using, and accordingly applicable requirements should be an address at your site. Okay.
UPL University: okay? So next
UPL University: so these are all bad practices. Correct. So sometimes, like, duct, or, let us say, transfer system has pocketed
UPL University: hole. And we just try to fix it correct, like
UPL University: available resources. Correct. So you can understand, those areas are always been addressed. And these are the areas where
UPL University: source of leak can be possible. Correct. So you can see there's a deposition. Correct
UPL University: is all deposition part. So you will find this normally in metal industries a lot correct. So
UPL University: so these are the steps for hac
UPL University: correct. But as per Stan, if you report the standard, there are only 3 steps which is mentioned in the standard.
UPL University: 1st is you have to. You have to collect the properties of this dust, whether it's a combustible or not, because if it is, then only you have to go for other things correct. So 1st step is that second is, you have to get all the characteristics of that dust. So all ignition point mi value correct ast all those details you have to
UPL University: collect. And afterward you have to identify the source of leak.
UPL University: and 3rd is grading, and after that droning part correct. So
UPL University: so you have to list the flammable materials, correct, significant quantities, correct, important source of release
UPL University: grade of release. Then you will go for the zone. Correct. This is actually gas and vapor. Similarly, we'll see for that also, size and shape of zone.
UPL University: correct, rationalize, merge, overlapping correct. So this is 7th step is more important because merging is important
UPL University: production, which kind of method you are going to use that part, finally, temperature and group.
UPL University: and again for the dust.
UPL University: Again, similar material you have to identify
UPL University: where it is present correct sources.
UPL University: What kind of grid it is
UPL University: sewing in at your particular site zone. You will identify and
UPL University: size and shape of zone, correct and finally, extension requirement. That means and finally, explosive atmosphere
UPL University: properties correct. So, oh, so these are 2. And this this is just giving you idea. Again.
UPL University: there are different standards, correct Ies, European and U, Us. Claim group
UPL University: actually, this is taken from Fcg correct. There is a company which is providing installations in the industry.
UPL University: and taken from them so
UPL University: different principles, how it is there, and what kind of zone it will be, and what kind of method you will use. Correct. So this will be given to you. Correct, so complete presentation will be given to you.
UPL University: Oh, so all
UPL University: This is for the dust part, and the same manual having a other things. So how different
UPL University: principles are working correct. So what is oil? Immersion? What is molding correct?
UPL University: So those are also well.
UPL University: in a concise way it is presented in that. So that is also taken from Fcg.
UPL University: so powder filling correct, so all conditions and which standard you will consider here there is a no Europe standard mentioned. Correct. So you have to take
UPL University: applicable that standard updated version correct, because there are few updates in this. I standards.
UPL University: So you have to only use the updated versions only.
UPL University: So just for understanding, it is just giving you idea. These are the
UPL University: bodies which are always involved with correct
UPL University: European, Australian, correct is for Indian correct underwriters. Laboratory. Correct? Iec correct. Normally, iec is the most widely used in the world.
UPL University: and our is also derived from IC only.
UPL University: But there are other correct FM, is there, Nema Itex Dgms correct? That is our dgms that is applicable for all the mines in India. Correct. So that is certified, and CC, that is now peso our peso
UPL University: and the certifying body that is Cim fr. Correct.
UPL University: So again, in a concise way, it is presented in this slide, right? So
UPL University: again, all the methods correct, and what are the possible causes of explosion. I'm not going in this because this is also part of Dha. Normally, when we carry out
UPL University: hazardium classification for dust at that time many things are covered correct which is not there in the vapor and gas correct
UPL University: because there is a verification. Dozier is required, or normally, in India. We are not following that dozier part, but most of them are reported under the observation, like observations, are covering all those requirements.
UPL University: So here it is just for your understanding and learning purpose only. So I'm not going in
UPL University: this again.
UPL University: For John, 2021 and 22. What are the different standards available correct in India and us.
UPL University: and how it those enclosures are used. Correct. Actually, I have purchased few of them, but I have not read because it's mainly electrical team members needs to know that like ta, correct. So ta is a new one in India. So few you can check with and update your electrical team correct, because this is also important.
UPL University: and normally we only consider a weapon and gas part, but dust is also important.
UPL University: So these are all different zone, wise requirements correct. And
UPL University: so here you can see 6, 1, 5, 0 8.
UPL University: Correct.
UPL University: Now, in India, also, a tax requirement is increasing. So this IC requirement is also increasing.
UPL University: Cool.
UPL University: I'm quickly going for this correct. So we already covered this, but it in the concise few slides I have just reported. IP, we have seen that correct.
UPL University: Oh.
UPL University: okay, you're up to 8. Only. Okay, actually, one plus 13 is IP, 68, rated plus 69. So there is No. 9. I am also searching what is 9.
UPL University: Thank you.
UPL University: So because it that means you can dip it into the water. Correct. So nothing will happen.
UPL University: Same guess protection measures correct so
UPL University: different groups. It is just giving you idea
UPL University: correct and dust group all the 3 dust group 2, a, 2 B and 2 C,
UPL University: so all this is what today's part.
UPL University: Now. Let us have a exercise now, how we can make exercise. You have all having a books correct.
UPL University: So let's start online team.
Bakshi Manish: Yes, sir.
UPL University: Okay?
UPL University: yeah, yeah, you can take
UPL University: yeah 101.
UPL University: Okay.
UPL University: I'm just showing you that. 5, 7 to standard. Now, it's freely available. It is freely available now, correct, because 2,018 version is the latest one this is the old version.
UPL University: Just this is, I'm just displaying only for the education purpose. Correct. So you can download this from the site.
UPL University: Correct. So the 1st standard, that is 5.7 2 here
UPL University: 2 things which I have not covered earlier yesterday's session. So where this standard is not applicable, so mining applications correct
UPL University: where explosives are produced, those industries are not excluded under this
UPL University: 3rd is areas where risk may be like
UPL University: ignitable dust, correct. So dust and fiber. So this 10 standard today's standard is also not
UPL University: applicable during vapor and gas standard application, correct catastrophic failure. Any kind of catastrophic failure is not allowed
UPL University: ignition sources other than those associated with the electrical apparatus. Correct. So here we have seen yesterday there are many other ignition sources, but for all other ignition sources, it is not applicable only applicable for electrical correct
UPL University: areas where pyroporic substances are handled correct. So pyroporic material wherever it is used, correct. So for those it is not applicable rooms used for the medical purpose. Correct medical purpose areas are also excluded under this standard. And finally, there is a domestic premises correct, applicable. So domestic also, this standard is not applicable
UPL University: correct.
UPL University: Here again, we have seen the definitions correct. So normally, you will find where to use this correct. So class A and class B and class C only when it is
UPL University: equal to or above the plus point correct. Normally above the plus point is considered. So you can see those things are mentioned. Correct. Normal conditions are mentioned. From where this standard is taken correct, iac. 6, 0, 0 7, 9. There is a source from where this is taken.
UPL University: and we have already covered most of the definitions correct as well as area correct, non headquarters area
UPL University: different. Jones. Correct.
UPL University: So limits correct ventilation
UPL University: correct. There are other requirements also mentioned. So here there are examples of June 0,
UPL University: correct zone. One examples are there correct. So
UPL University: I think we are majority of them. We have already covered.
UPL University: which are not classified area that is also mentioned. Correct?
UPL University: Then, properties.
UPL University: properties, part. I have skipped even certain other parts. I have skipped that we will see today in our exercise
UPL University: so
UPL University: effects of currents correct. So all this, there are different figures mentioned, correct, like prely ventilated. So whenever you are referring any edge.
UPL University: and some number that means heavier than gas, heavier than air. Correct? H. That means heavier than air.
UPL University: Remember, correct, as that means heavier than air
UPL University: correct. So tank correct nitrogen, blanketed tank correct. So if you are nitrogen blanketing, this will be a zone 2. Yesterday we have discussed. If it is not blanketed. Then zone one
UPL University: here. It is not blanketed. So that's why it's a zone one here. It's blanketed. That's why zone 2
UPL University: correct hotels correct, like Lpg. Propane propylene, all those storages. So here it's 8 meter.
UPL University: Similarly, bullets. If you are storing some pressurized gases or liquids under bullet condition, so those are correct. These are all point, source, how it is considered correct. So this is for the light lighter than air. Correct. L. Any l. Figure that means lighter than air. Correct.
UPL University: So you can see these are all lighter than air.
UPL University: Correct on.
UPL University: Okay, so few things are.
UPL University: You have to remember from this there are different clause for this correct 1.5 meter radius. So you have to identify these areas at your site, correct where there is a sampling where there is a specific wall provision, where there is a draining provision correct, and those are classified under requirements.
UPL University: So trench correct, so all these are lighter than air. You can see. L. That is lighter.
UPL University: correct. Then comes figures are
UPL University: for certain M. Figures are for cryogenic, correct. So in cryogenic you have to remember that
UPL University: if there is a dike provision, then height of dike is very much important. Let us say height of dike is more than the distance between dike and tank surface, then it will go in the zone one
UPL University: but high top dike is less than the distance between dike and a tank
UPL University: outer surface, then it will go for the zone.
UPL University: So 1st case correct. So that is what
UPL University: reported. So that is for the cryogenic only.
UPL University: This is a cooling tower. So you can see the cooling tower, correct basin and other parts. So a cooling tower is also needs to be classified. We have seen yesterday a typical video where cooling tower fire was there.
UPL University: So
UPL University: correct. Here you will find all wagons and truck loading parts correct via closed system correct. So all these are M. All M. Figures are very typical figures in the standard correct loading and unloading from top. Only correct. So
UPL University: this is from both
UPL University: correct. So you will find this. All these are typical vent installation. So normally in vent 1.5 meter radius is zone one and 2 meter outer part is 3
UPL University: correct this is a drum dispensing which was discussed correct today also. So you can see drum dispensing requirement correct. This is a specific figure for drum dispensing there is a peak launching correct so normally peak launching activity is not carried out in small industry, in including even a more small as well as moderate. Normally this is applicable for the
UPL University: petroleum carrying products only it is applicable, correct where there are
UPL University: picking, crushing, and cardboard blasting activities are performed. Correct. So for them or product change over correct. So you will find normally on ports correct when service are changed. So all those storage and service change requirement they need to classify. These are all etp related, correct. So all Etp related, correct.
UPL University: Separation and diesel layer rotation units correct. So
UPL University: this is all atp related.
UPL University: And finally, this is for the marine part correct. So marine, having other things which are not covered under this, but marine having a arm correct, so normally loading arm is there normally so in loading arm also, they need to take care many additional precautions, but those figures are not in this. So this is this idea, this covering. Most of the chemical industries correct. And here you will find for the gas turbine installation. There is a separate annexer correct. If you are installing a gas turbine
UPL University: because it's a already heated condition, correct open flame is present, but when you
UPL University: don't need to classify that area. You need to fulfill all requirements of this annexer correct. So there are different requirements, correct pressure, requirement, detection, requirement immediately setting down of system requirement. So many things are covered under this an exert. So those are under this. So
UPL University: this is for the that part.
UPL University: and here you will have an xerb where you will have some. You can say
UPL University: basic terminology is correct. So you can see the plus point and all other definitions, correct range and other parts. So
UPL University: those are mentioned under this standard and annex C is actually this C is a calculation part. Now, normally, we have not covered this. But anyone needs to really go for calculation. This is also good one correct? So normally, a very simple, short question can be asked you to calculate the
UPL University: LEL. Value for a mixture.
UPL University: Then you can use this formula right? And carry out. They have given one example
UPL University: for the calculation correct. Similarly, for complex mixture, also that is applicable, correct. So normally in this complex mixture.
UPL University: oxygen is removed and based on that mixture, calculations are carried out once it is carried out. Nitrogen with each flammable composition with the nitrogen.
UPL University: It is considered
UPL University: with the providing this table and you have to refer some charts correct. These charts are also available in 3.
UPL University: All these charts are available in parry. You can refer, and including examples. So you can use this and based on that. You can calculate the mixture requirements correct so flammability.
UPL University: And finally, the last one is this.
UPL University: which is again ventilation part. So they are addressing ventilation. What are the different ventilation that can be possible at site? And this is a chart, I think.
UPL University: I have covered in a simple form. But this is the same chart with more number of blocks correct. So when you will consider this right, so there is a ventilation part, and finally.
UPL University: ventilation ends, and finally, based on ventilation requirements are mentioned. So this is what the standard is
UPL University: correct. So we cover majority. Now we'll have exercise.
UPL University: On the standard, and before we go for standard.
UPL University: This is not directly related with this, but
UPL University: let me know what is the learning from this which is applicable. During HSE.
UPL University: August 27, th 2020, the Biolab Lake Charles. Chemical Facility in Westlake, Louisiana.
UPL University: Extreme wind from Hurricane Laura through the facility severely damaging Buildings
UPL University: rainwater seeped into the compromised buildings and contacted products stored inside.
UPL University: causing chemicals to react, decompose, and a fire to ignite.
UPL University: A large plume of hazardous gases, including toxic chlorine traveled from the facility over the neighboring community, requiring many people living nearby to shelter in place, and a major highway to be closed.
UPL University: The fire and release at Biolab is not the only significant chemical incident in recent years to be caused by extreme weather.
UPL University: Companies and Regulators must take steps to ensure that chemical facilities are protected against damage from natural hazards. As extreme weather is becoming more common.
UPL University: the Biolab Lake Charles facility, manufactures and supplies water care products for pools and spas.
UPL University: One of the materials produced at the facility is a formulation comprised primarily of the chemical tcca
UPL University: in large bodies of water, like swimming pools. Tcca based formulations, dissolve and break down slowly, releasing available chlorine into the water to sanitize contaminants such as algae and bacteria.
UPL University: But when a Tcca based formulation. Instead, contacts a small amount of water and does not dissolve. It can undergo a chemical reaction that generates heat and causes the material to decompose and produce toxic chlorine gas.
UPL University: On August 24th 2020, the National Hurricane Center forecasted that tropical storm. Laura would become a hurricane. The next day Laura was expected to approach the Us. Coast near Major hurricane strength. With strong winds and heavy rainfall.
UPL University: That day Biolab began shutting down its Lake Charles operations in preparation for the hurricane.
UPL University: The company successfully transported about 825,000 pounds of product from the site.
UPL University: but some trucks scheduled to remove additional material, never arrived at the facility
UPL University: meaning over 1 million pounds of the Tcca based. Formulation was left on site.
UPL University: The remaining product was placed on triple stacked pallets to protect it from potential flood water.
UPL University: On the morning of August 26th Biolabs management announced its decision to evacuate the facility. All employees left the site
UPL University: at one A. M. On August 27th hurricane, Laura made landfall in southwest Louisiana as a category. 4 hurricane
UPL University: maximum sustained winds reaching 150 miles per hour the storm dumped huge amounts of rain, with some areas of southwestern Louisiana getting as much as 12 inches
UPL University: strong. Hurricane winds ripped off portions of the roof that covered Biolab's platform production building.
UPL University: which housed an estimated 70,000 to 100,000 pounds.
UPL University: Tcca based formulation because of damage to plant four's roof rainwater contacted the product stored inside
UPL University: by 8 30 A. M. The material began to react.
UPL University: It generated heat and decomposed releasing toxic chlorine gas
UPL University: heat from the reaction and decomposition caused a fire to erupt in the building.
UPL University: A massive toxic gas and smoke plume traveled over the local community toward interstate. 10
UPL University: emergency responders closed interstate 10 near the facility, and requested a shelter-in-place order be issued for nearby residents.
UPL University: The fire grew quickly, ultimately destroying the plant, 4 Process building and its equipment.
UPL University: Later in the afternoon, around 5 30 Pm. White chemical clouds were seen emerging from another building at the facility.
UPL University: The building, a warehouse that contained over 1 million pounds of the Tcca based. Formulation had also sustained severe damage to portions of its roof.
UPL University: Emergency responders work to reduce and control the chemical release
UPL University: 2 30 Pm. The following day events at the biolab facility were deemed sufficiently controlled.
UPL University: After being closed for 28 h, interstate 10 was reopened.
UPL University: and the shelter in place. Order was lifted thankfully. No injuries were reported. As a result of the incidents.
UPL University: The Chemical Safety Board launched an investigation into the fire and release at Biolab, and found that 5 safety issues contributed to the incident.
UPL University: They are extreme weather preparation process, hazard analyses, implementation, emergency, preparedness and response adherence to applicable hazardous materials, code
UPL University: and regulatory coverage of reactive chemical hazards.
UPL University: The 1st safety issue is extreme weather preparation.
UPL University: In May 2018 the Csb. Released its final report on the 2017 incident at the Arkema chemical plant in Crosby, Texas.
UPL University: at Arkema, flooding from category 4 hurricane Harvey disabled the facility's refrigeration system
UPL University: as a result, chemicals that required refrigeration, decomposed and burned.
UPL University: releasing fumes and smoke into the air.
UPL University: The Csb's Arkema report recommended that the center for chemical process safety or Ccps develop broad and comprehensive guidance to help companies assess their Us. Facility risk from all types of potential extreme weather events.
UPL University: In response to this recommendation in 2019 Ccps updated its publication Ccps monograph.
UPL University: There are many other, at least 5 to 6
UPL University: at least present day. And this is a pre downloadable correct. So you can refer this around 25 to 40 page Kr. But it is a good one to know when you are in a project stage or some design stage, it will, helpful for consideration, assessment of, and planning for natural hazards.
UPL University: The monograph presents steps for preparing for a natural disaster, including how to evaluate wind hazards and how to identify potentially vulnerable equipment.
UPL University: But the Csb. Found that Biolab did not adequately implement the updated Ccps guidance at its Lake Charles. Facility
UPL University: had Biolab effectively followed that guidance, it would have identified that the buildings used to house the Tcca based formulation were not built to current when design code requirements.
UPL University: This knowledge could have led Biolab to take more proactive actions to protect its chemicals during a hurricane, thereby preventing the incident.
UPL University: and the Csb. Found that additional measures are needed to ensure that aging Louisiana chemical facilities are protected from extreme weather.
UPL University: That is because there are potentially many more facilities in the State. That store hazardous materials in buildings that were designed before current wind design code requirements were in effect.
UPL University: therefore, the Csb. Made a recommendation to the State of Louisiana to require the operators of certain chemical facilities, at risk from extreme weather, to evaluate the hazards to their facilities presented by hurricanes and accompanying wind, rainwater, floodwater, or storm surge forces and implement processes and safeguards for protection against those hazards.
UPL University: Finally, the Csb. Believes the EPA should take further actions to help ensure that chemical facilities around the country. Consider risks presented by climate change and
UPL University: increased extreme weather events.
UPL University: These actions were outlined as recommendations made to the EPA by the Government accountability office or Gao. In its report, chemical accident, prevention EPA. Should ensure regulated facilities. Consider risk from climate change.
UPL University: For example, the Gao calls on the EPA to produce guidance that requires covered facilities to incorporate hazards from climate change into their risk management plans assess the risk of climate change during inspections and increase inspection of facilities located within vulnerable communities.
UPL University: The EPA has yet to act on the majority of the Gao's report.
UPL University: therefore, the Csb. Made a recommendation to the EPA to implement the remaining recommendations made to the EPA. In the Government Accountability Office's report.
UPL University: The second safety issue identified at Biolab is process, hazard analysis, implementation.
UPL University: The Csb. Learned that Tcca is not covered by the Osha process, safety management or Psm. Regulation.
UPL University: However, the Biolab Lake Charles facility voluntarily adopted some aspects of Psm.
UPL University: For instance, the company performed limited process, hazard analyses, or Phas in 2010, and in 2016, before the incident.
UPL University: during the 2010 Pha. The potential hazard of warehouse product decomposition was identified with a potential cause of warehouse roof failure due to natural disasters, such as hurricanes or tornadoes.
UPL University: The Pha team recommended that the site consider evaluating warehouse roof structure for hurricane conditions
UPL University: and verify warehouses built to withstand high winds.
UPL University: but the Csb found there was no documentation that such an evaluation ever took place.
UPL University: Had Bio implemented its 2010 Pha. Recommendation
UPL University: have identified that the facility buildings were susceptible to damage from hurricane strength winds.
UPL University: This may have led to biolab implementing controls to prevent the Tcca-based formulation from being exposed to hurricane rainwater
UPL University: and the Csb determined that the lack of documentation regarding the 2010 Pha. Recommendation points to deficiencies in Biolabs. Pha. Action item management system
UPL University: companies should ensure that Pha. Recommendations are assigned to appropriate personnel with a deadline for initial evaluation.
UPL University: The rationale for recommendation, modification, or rejection must be documented.
UPL University: and the status of all action, items.
UPL University: or recommendations should be tracked until completion.
UPL University: Such a process ensures that findings and recommendations
UPL University: Phas are effectively acted upon and appropriately managed.
UPL University: The 3rd safety issue found at Biolab Lake. Charles is emergency preparedness and response.
UPL University: The Csb. Found that Biolab relied on hose stations, fire hydrants.
UPL University: and monitors in the event of an emergency
UPL University: and its fire protection system used 4 sequentially operated pumps to supply water from a reservoir to fire suppression equipment.
UPL University: At the time of the incident one of those pumps was not functional. One was powered by Diesel.
UPL University: 2 ran on electricity.
UPL University: Biolab relied on a backup generator to power. Those 2 electric
UPL University: in the event of a power outage.
UPL University: But the Csb. Learned that Biolab's backup generator was not working before the hurricane.
UPL University: Therefore the company rented a generator in preparation for hurricane. Laura.
UPL University: with electricity, knocked out at Biolab and the surrounding area. The company needed to use this rental backup generator to operate the electric fire water pump
UPL University: on the day of the incident.
UPL University: But the Csb. Found that biolab personnel struggled to activate the rental generator or transfer power from it
UPL University: did not have a manual or operating procedure to help them troubleshoot the issues so the company could not run the electric pump.
UPL University: As a result, only one fire pump, a Diesel pump was available for Biolab's response.
UPL University: Therefore the water pressure to the fire protection system was too low to suppress the decomposing material.
UPL University: The decomposition and fire could not be controlled until a 3rd party emergency response contractor arrived with equipment capable of effectively responding to the incident.
UPL University: This was over 5 h from when Biolab 1st contacted 9 1, 1
UPL University: must ensure that emergency response equipment
UPL University: fully operational and can function when needed. During emergencies.
UPL University: Companies should adequately maintain the equipment and repair equipment in a timely manner.
UPL University: Companies must also ensure. Employees are trained on how to use the emergency equipment.
UPL University: The 4th safety issue that Csb. Highlights in its report is adherence to applicable hazardous materials. Codes.
UPL University: The Csb. Found that because Biolab Lake Charles was storing and handling large quantities of a Tcca based formulation.
UPL University: it should have implemented extra precautions as required by applicable hazardous materials. Codes.
UPL University: In this case the applicable codes are set by the National Fire Protection Association, and are known as Nfpa. 1, 0, 1, and Nfpa. 400
UPL University: Nfpa. 101, requires an automatic sprinkler or other protection designed to minimize danger to occupants before they have time to evacuate from high hazard occupancies
UPL University: Nfpa. 400 specifies sprinkler systems. Among other requirements for building, storing hazardous materials.
UPL University: But the Csb found that Biolab lacked those extra precautions.
UPL University: Had the biolab facility met the 2 Nfpa code requirements.
UPL University: it likely would have begun applying large amounts of water to the decomposing chemical. Much earlier
UPL University: this earlier response could have reduced the amount of material that decomposed.
UPL University: reduce the amount of chlorine released
UPL University: and reduce the extent of the facility damage.
UPL University: And finally, the 5th safety issue identified by the Csb is regulatory coverage of reactive chemical hazards.
UPL University: Tcca based formulations are reactive chemicals that have the potential to decompose and release toxic chlorine gas.
UPL University: But Tcca is not listed for coverage. Under Osha's Psm. Standard or the EPA's risk management program. Rule.
UPL University: Therefore Biolab was not required to implement baseline process safety management system elements. Under these specific regulations
UPL University: the Csp has long been concerned about the regulatory gap in coverage of reactive chemicals which has led to many serious incidents over the past 3 decades.
UPL University: Those incidents caused deaths, injuries, and significant property damage continues to investigate. Incidents
UPL University: could have been prevented with more robust regulatory coverage of reactive chemicals.
UPL University: Both the Osha Psm.
UPL University: EPA. Rmp. Regulations should be amended to close the regulatory gap identified by the Csb.
UPL University: In its report the Csb. Reiterated a recommendation previously made to Osha to amend the process safety management standard to achieve more comprehensive control of reactive hazards that could have catastrophic consequences.
UPL University: and the Csb. Also reiterated a recommendation to the EPA to revise the accidental release prevention requirements to explicitly cover catastrophic reactive hazards that have the potential to seriously impact
UPL University: the incident at Biolab could have been prevented.
UPL University: Companies must be prepared for the hazards. Extreme weather can present at their facilities.
UPL University: What was the learning for HSE from this
UPL University: the activity hazards, or something else?
UPL University: Okay, normally in dust. We have seen the dust layer formation correct. So normally dust layer is
UPL University: shattered only after explosion, primary explosion, but it is also possible, let us say, some hurricane or some earthquake. Natural calamity, which can also having an impact when dust is shattered. So we have to always consider that part, because normally nowhere, it is mentioned. But we have to take care, because this is a
UPL University: very separate incident which has never occurred in us like natural related. So that is why here also in dust also, we have to take care for that. What else?
UPL University: There is a 1 learning, because it's a natural calamity we have to always address in dust, part also correct, based on the source of release, how it will affect, and whether it will damage or make the cloud in a dispersed form or not correct, what else
UPL University: correct correct. So here you can see their complete storage is wiped out so
UPL University: normally in dust. You should not store your complete material at one place. Correct. Normally you to try to scattered away. Sometimes you need to store so that it will keep in a protected way here. Complete warehouse has gone. That means your Rm. Has gone. Intermediate has gone, product has gone, everything has gone correct. So that is also one of the learning that always to be taken care correct. So
UPL University: what else.
Bakshi Manish: We have to consider natural hazards also.
UPL University: Yeah, yes.
UPL University: correct natural hazards needs to be identified for applicable chemicals. Correct. So even for the dust, or even a gas vapor, also applicable hazards should mean address.
UPL University: What else?
UPL University: Power failure correct here, Dg. Said was
UPL University: backup. Dg. Was paid. So you can understand it is a more disaster, and Dg pump was only this survival for their fire fighting.
UPL University: So that was the learning from this. Now we'll have one more.
UPL University: These are all dust. You can see these. Whatever is shown here are all dust.
UPL University: Explosions!
UPL University: At 7 15 Pm. On February 7, th 2,008,
UPL University: a series of violent sugar dust explosions devastated the imperial sugar refinery in Port Georgia. Just outside Savannah.
UPL University: explosions raced through the buildings, fueled by accumulations of combustible sugar dust and sugar that had spilled from equipment.
UPL University: thick concrete floors heaved up, and brick walls were blown into stairwells and work areas blocking many exit routes.
UPL University: Fires spread rapidly.
UPL University: 8 workers died at the scene.
UPL University: 6 more died later at a regional burn center.
UPL University: Dozens of others were injured.
UPL University: The plant's massive sugar packing buildings were a total loss.
UPL University: The accident at imperial sugar was the deadliest industrial dust explosion in the United States. In decades
UPL University: it highlights the extremely serious nature of combustible dust hazards.
UPL University: There were significant accumulations of sugar, dust and spilled granulated sugar on surfaces. Throughout this facility
UPL University: conditions were set for a catastrophic accident.
UPL University: Imperial sugar's sprawling port Wentworth complex began operations in 1917,
UPL University: and grew to become one of the largest sugar refining and packaging facilities in the US.
UPL University: Granulated sugar from the refinery was stored in 3 100 foot tall silos.
UPL University: and then conveyed into packing buildings, where it was packaged for distribution.
UPL University: Granulated sugar was also converted into specialty products, such as brown sugar and powdered sugar.
UPL University: Sugar was transported by a complex system of bucket elevators, screw conveyors conveyor belts.
UPL University: During this process sugar spilled onto floors throughout the work area.
UPL University: In places the spilled sugar was many inches deep.
UPL University: This sugar also contained fine particles, which became airborne.
UPL University: In addition, hammer mills were used to crush the granulated sugar into powdered sugar, creating even more dust.
UPL University: The machines were connected to a dust collection system.
UPL University: but it was undersized and in disrepair.
UPL University: and it was not connected to the bucket, elevators and conveyors.
UPL University: Significant amounts of sugar dust escaped into the work areas.
UPL University: Workers routinely used, compressed air to clean packaging machines.
UPL University: further dispersing sugar dust throughout the buildings over time
UPL University: large amounts of dust accumulated on elevated hard to clean surfaces, such as ducts, beams, and light fixtures.
UPL University: These surfaces were not cleaned often enough to always keep the dust below hazardous levels.
UPL University: In the tunnel beneath the sugar silos granulated sugar flowed through chutes onto a long steel conveyor belt.
UPL University: From time to time clumps of sugar would become stuck in one of the shoots, blocking the floor.
UPL University: the bill spilling sugar onto the floor and releasing dust into the tunnel.
UPL University: But the tunnel was large and ventilated.
UPL University: so this airborne dust did not build up to explosive concentrations.
UPL University: However, in 2,007.
UPL University: The company enclosed the conveyor belt with stainless steel panels
UPL University: to protect the sugar from possible contamination.
UPL University: The enclosure was not equipped with a dust collection system.
UPL University: As a consequence, sugar dust would now be trapped. Inside this enclosure.
UPL University: On February 7, th 2,008
UPL University: clumps of sugar were found blocking one of the discharge
UPL University: sugar from the adjacent silo likely spilled off the moving belt.
UPL University: Dust likely accumulated to an explosive concentration inside the enclosure
UPL University: at about 7 15 PM.
UPL University: The sugar dust contacted a nearby ignition source, likely an overheated bearing.
UPL University: This primary explosion.
UPL University: Accumulated sugar was lofted and ignited by the advancing fireballs.
UPL University: Clouds, fuel the chain reaction of secondary
UPL University: concrete floors buckled, releasing tons of granulated
UPL University: emergency evacuation drills had not been conducted.
UPL University: and the explosions had cut the power to much of the interior, lighting
UPL University: in the maze of darkened and damaged stairwells and passageways, workers desperately tried to flee the growing Inferno.
UPL University: Oh.
UPL University: the Csb. Found that correspondence dating back to the late 1950 S. Showed that plant managers in Port Wentworth were aware of the explosive nature of sugar dust and the danger of dust accumulations.
UPL University: As far back as 1961, a memo described a sugar dust explosion that heavily damaged the powdered sugar mill room.
UPL University: Despite the longstanding awareness of the explosive nature of sugar dust. Not enough was done to manage the hazard.
UPL University: In 2,006. The Csb. Issued a study of combustible dust.
UPL University: which called on Osha to establish a comprehensive combustible dust standard based on the current standards of the National Fire Protection Association or Nfpa.
UPL University: In October 2,007 Osha began implementing a new national emphasis program to increase the enforcement of existing regulations related to combustible dust.
UPL University: Imperial sugar learned of the Osha combustible dust national emphasis program 4 months before the devastating explosion at Port Wentworth.
UPL University: But management did not act effectively to control the serious dust problem in the packing buildings.
UPL University: Less than 2 months before the disaster.
UPL University: An internal inspection showed that many tons of sugar were still regularly spilling onto the floors.
UPL University: This provided much of the fuel for the massive secondary explosions and fires.
UPL University: The Csb. Found that over the years the Port Wentworth facility periodically experienced small fires fueled by spilled sugar and accumulated dust on equipment.
UPL University: but none resulted in a sugar dust. Explosion propagated through the plant.
UPL University: Investigators said that decades of operating without a catastrophic explosion may have lulled managers into complacency.
UPL University: In its report the Csb. Issued the following recommendations to the Imperial Sugar Company.
UPL University: Apply Nfpa. Standards to the design and operation of the rebuilt Port Wentworth. Facility
UPL University: develop and implement comprehensive combustible dust, control, housekeeping and training programs
UPL University: improve emergency evacuation policies and procedures.
UPL University: Companies can go a long way to control combustible dust within their own facilities by following the existing recommendations of the National Fire Protection Association.
UPL University: But it is also time for a comprehensive Federal standard on combustible dust.
UPL University: In April 2,009, Osha announced plans to begin rulemaking on a combustible dust stand
UPL University: neared for general industry
UPL University: in its final report on the imperial sugar accident. The Csb. Recommended that Osha move forward expeditiously with the new standard
UPL University: without regulation, enforcement and education workers will continue to be at risk from catastrophic dust explosions.
UPL University: So here again, what he's telling.
UPL University: Sometimes you need a enforcement correct to bring the system
UPL University: in a safer consideration. Okay? So now we'll have a few exercise.
UPL University: But us, online all over the phone online group and away online group.
UPL University: Huh?
UPL University: Scrutiny.
UPL University: Okay, where you cops. Now, okay, let's take spoil it.
UPL University: Perhaps I don't know, so that it will be easy for you to see this.
UPL University: Okay, so we will have some exercise.
UPL University: Correct a bit on a yes, ma'am.
UPL University: God, I got correct.
UPL University: Elliot Nikra, online team online team. Dikrai.
UPL University: Maybe it will be easy for you.
UPL University: Lagna Porega.
UPL University: Okay, remember that now
UPL University: he liked
UPL University: you. Clear. Clear.
UPL University: Any, fatty?
UPL University: No, but I think nobody.
UPL University: No problem.
UPL University: Okay.
UPL University: Online team.
Bakshi Manish: Yes, yes.
UPL University: Yeah.
UPL University: Husky egg side pay dotted line dotted Matlab perforated wallet
UPL University: bottom, as you have a solid line that is solid. Wall, that is a ground solid ground. Agya.
UPL University: It's high, adequate ventilation. The scope.
UPL University: Seconde location. May capacity. 50 K. Lg. Correct. Heavier than air. Valakoi. Solvent. Correct source of release
UPL University: reactor itself. Huh?
UPL University: Yes, correct. So ya payak is a butta usually went line, let us say yape vent
UPL University: went to Co-OP to identify kernel.
Sanjay Joshi: Reactor, bottom wall.
UPL University: Correct, so bottom.
Bakshi Manish: Charging.
UPL University: Went vent co-OP karenga bottom co karenge charging Horai, so charging.
Bakshi Manish: Agitation, agitation.
UPL University: Agitation, maniaga.
Bakshi Manish: A reactor and a.
UPL University: Osque lava, a seal pillar, a mechanical assembly.
Bakshi Manish: So, yeah.
UPL University: Correct, it has a single mechanical seal, or
UPL University: are we.
Sanjay Joshi: Well.
UPL University: Manual charging point. Mammalia. Correct?
UPL University: Okay, solo under or Gujaga.
UPL University: So as a reactor, we can show that correct.
UPL University: That's all. Yeah. Or could they can. I?
UPL University: Equipment wise jumbo bags, let us say. Dust explosive material,
UPL University: So I have to consider this drum Rakawa sampling correct.
UPL University: So ov system. A closed system requirement.
UPL University: Pareto categorize, Karnaya capacity, Kithani
UPL University: correct, and other parts also needs to be addressed correct. So normally, most of the industries are falling under moderate
UPL University: middle level, ma'am. Correct. So middle level. Kohi apko address Kanai. Correct, larger. Allah address Kana Jabbo. Quantity Jabbo floor rate. Yeah. Jabbo
UPL University: Kathy strajis.
UPL University: Pray, sir.
Bakshi Manish: Fish.
UPL University: Size, capacity, rata, second pressure rate and 3rd flow rate correct.
UPL University: Accordingly, we have to always consider correct. Always
UPL University: dusra kadekna, material key properties are, be heavier than er hey? Correct.
UPL University: let us say, my Ulta, 1.2
UPL University: or a case. May 1.8 kabrak Padega.
UPL University: That is sufficient enough to consider classification.
UPL University: Yeah? Or could say, ventilation area heavier than air, solvent area, correct capacity area, or which layouthi right.
Bakshi Manish: Flashpoint, whatever properties on the.
UPL University: Properties. Iski chaea, correct ski puri properties.
UPL University: correct mandatory requirement, high blessing, material enclosed premises here. But yeah.
UPL University: Limiting oxygen concentration, correct loc mko Deknaparte. Correct? Loc Olako yagya chemicalka.
UPL University: Yes. Point k bad parabore escape at me.
UPL University: Combustible powder,
UPL University: Agar vo explosive.
UPL University: Yeah. Donoka classification area.
UPL University: Jiro counting me
UPL University: but.
Bakshi Manish: Compatibility.
UPL University: Compatibility is case up man.
Bakshi Manish: Solvent is, have no.
UPL University: But we can say, hybrid mixture testing. Okay.
UPL University: hybrid mixture. So kapibar, esa, key hybrid mixture, key property is, and that needs to be tested. Okay, Kapibar. Hybrid mixture can also explode.
UPL University: And Uskes may Uski properties.
UPL University: How easily solvent, non-combustible dust properties may difference correct. So at least that should be known properties. Hybrid mix, and that is only by testing. Only correct, ma'am. Condition correct? So.
UPL University: But yeah, sorry, Gabi.
Bakshi Manish: Dotted line reactive.
Bakshi Manish: Yeah, I was checking it. Would you be a so consider, Karapadiga.
UPL University: Okay. Ventilation point of view.
Bakshi Manish: One way I go.
UPL University: Very good.
UPL University: Parking
UPL University: correct. That is a basic requirement for marking correct
UPL University: solid wall Kardi, correct. Normally, Yap, they can get a point 6 2 or point 6 7. Correct. 8. Meter Kawalk
UPL University: or Upra Pura kulakardia.
UPL University: Tokyo. Condition. Okay.
UPL University: 8. Meter Kawalk or up.
UPL University: Don't limit it in a yoga.
UPL University: Don't keep Limiting Oga.
Bakshi Manish: Heavier than air.
Sanjay Joshi: They really have.
Bakshi Manish: One.
UPL University: Heavier than ever classification, but.
Bakshi Manish: Okay.
UPL University: Always uper point.
UPL University: But most of the time reactor key height. Amesa Dekni use time
UPL University: 0 point 6.7 8 clears. Lagadier Tokyo. Condition. Okay.
Sanjay Joshi: Extended. We'll be.
UPL University: Same as like perporated same condition. Yape correct.
UPL University: You see, area purahi khole to.
Sanjay Joshi: Extending to rehe.
UPL University: Very good. Yahape extended, Rahega, but extended accordingly. That should be an address.
UPL University: Radius nimarte.
UPL University: Exceptional condition.
UPL University: Construction of wall needs solidnega. Yeah. Banque. Correct.
UPL University: Okay, Abido partner connected ground floor or your 1st floor, let us say.
UPL University: let us say, checker plate. Ya pay Tokyo bharak praya.
Bakshi Manish: Send over.
UPL University: Checker plate makeup, rak potega, r
UPL University: solid makeuprak. Pradega. Yeah solid maker, tamutogya paragpadega.
UPL University: So only to maybe get to Reyga Braque abrega.
Sanjay Joshi: So let me know our season.
UPL University: Rcc. Rcc.
UPL University: Solid
UPL University: ov reactor of assemble Karte photo. There is always a gap.
Sanjay Joshi: Yes. Yes. Yes. Okay.
UPL University: Vertical reason to a gap. Solid but real direction. Manager. Yeah, but the horizontal Thanaga puraniche jayga.
UPL University: So you purai classify me, Jayga, some of the day
UPL University: to yahape joby cheese. Consideration. Me lete usme
UPL University: solid hair. Yeah. Perforated hair. Yeah. Semi-condition hair.
UPL University: cool.
UPL University: Huh?
UPL University: Jahapek yalagay correct configuration. I mean, I see configuration.
UPL University: ventilation in the air, or yakush lowers. Daldi. Air
UPL University: correct.
UPL University: There are different configurations.
UPL University: So yeah, you happy consideration, Mejaya. Okay, dusra Kahampe drainar correct who went and drained vassalka osaktai, yah
UPL University: sampling provision gauga, cooper.
UPL University: pump, quake source correct pam quake source capacity. Accordingly marking correct thin meter hat meter sola meter correct but
UPL University: how many edge Akarna, like ventilation? The air.
UPL University: according to classification methods, adapt accordingly, but limited area zone, one possible.
UPL University: always like a zone, one and zone 2.
UPL University: Similarly, Joan, 21,
UPL University: correct zone, 2 ke and zone one are right. These are the areas where zone one is present
UPL University: but zone, one a Tokujaratni. Correct. Yeah. Zone. 2. A tokuja ruratni
UPL University: clear. Similarly, dust may be similar. He, Joan. 21 zone, 22.
UPL University: Great Nikal Napa, correct grade check, karnautai. The grade, continuous, primary and secondary.
UPL University: Okay.
UPL University: But is considered so normally
UPL University: that you need to report over there. But
UPL University: or normally important areas or capacity moderate compared to other areas. Correct?
UPL University: Okay, the operation. Salma, Kithanibar, Horai, correct.
Sanjay Joshi: And so.
UPL University: Frequency correct, or less than 10 over here. 10 h 1,000 over here. Yeah, greater than 1,000 over here. Correct. Accordingly
UPL University: classify.
UPL University: Huh? Bye.
UPL University: Accordingly, jobi possibilities, solvent change operating parameters change
UPL University: correct so that you don't need to go for reclassification. Classification. Get second time requirement, neigh, correct
UPL University: normal routine map, either of this process will be in this setup. Okay? So
UPL University: of the reactor category, let us say inventory.
UPL University: So normally, industry may consay areas, for they can have essay areas may trigger no
UPL University: gas cylinder correct.
UPL University: Let us say there is a header crag Abco.
UPL University: so is Co. Classified. H. 2, a hydrogen m boom.
UPL University: lighter vala. Come lighter, correct always, said condition, gas, cylinder, key requirement heavier than airbalaya, cylinder air
UPL University: skobi mena kanaki toys me is my guardian tonight.
UPL University: Nijika ordeni abiscom.
UPL University: Correct, let us say, cylinders storage, pokia condition. Okay.
UPL University: yeah. Don't want me that I
UPL University: correct nearby connected area. Correct? Or let us say, let us say, I'm not sure.
UPL University: Okay, normally, petroleum industry may loading and loading. Okay, normally filling system right here. Correct bottling plant just correct.
UPL University: Separate consideration that the okay?
UPL University: So the auric
UPL University: continuously claim atar attack, let us say this is my oh.
UPL University: plant. Sec. Which are a player system,
UPL University: Yeah. After Bernard Salo Reyga, correct
UPL University: your flare system and knockout drum and cod.
UPL University: Correct, Claire Janiwala.
UPL University: Just get classified. Yoga and yoga.
UPL University: Hmm cow hold iceman.
Sanjay Joshi: Of jaiger on.
UPL University: Direct contact, man correct, but normally a consideration. Bar Nichol Sake.
UPL University: Correct, heated condition, heavier than air, lighter than heir, lighter than.
UPL University: but heavier than ground level, let us say accordingly, requirement clear clarkey system, correct
UPL University: natural gas key.
UPL University: Pr. System.
UPL University: Classify him as Aggie. Any jaggy
UPL University: natural gas company. O Major, use.
Sanjay Joshi: You're dragging me.
UPL University: Very good. Prsk system. Correct.
UPL University: Okay. Distance. K uphiggar check, Karnia Paleto limited provisione.
UPL University: according to the figure you have to consider. But
UPL University: second, Oisd, correct. 3, rd Chinese standard. Correct Chinese standard is.
UPL University: they are having a better standard than us. Correct. So 5, 5, 7. Correct.
UPL University: clear quantity reported. But Nfp. How many they consider low, medium and high consideration correct. Accordingly, they provide this correct.
UPL University: correct kobi counting correct?
UPL University: Okay, normally, normal industry, correct. So those things are covered under that.
UPL University: So if you read all these standards, then maybe it is possible that you can take many decisions based on your challenges, which is
UPL University: at your field. Right? So I prefer Abjitnabi available. Correct? I'm not sure. Pdf, but
UPL University: during Covid time. Pdf, drive.com right books. Novel.
UPL University: But so.
UPL University: Okay. So yeah. Happy egg cheese. Okay, Bluesra, which is, let us say, many pesoka tang pame.
UPL University: correct. Mena. Underground is called a cowboy. Correct Mira.
UPL University: Hey, Patola, consider an underground connection.
UPL University: Correct? Yeah. Connection. Correct. But yeah. Underground.
UPL University: Yadra kega underta full pipe underground. Kane underground. K bahar Matlab Joe, hard surface, ie.
UPL University: Us hard surface counting. Niyota.
UPL University: Huh?
UPL University: Ground? Yea, underground, underground, where there is no need.
UPL University: Yeah. Yeah. Happy plan. I could.
UPL University: Yes, very bold. Now, what I am using. The word is
UPL University: about this ground. Jobi installation zone, 2 b 0 sacta correct. Went to be yoga
UPL University: correct pump, correct sampling point, osakta, correct sample, but under Round Tank will not go for any classification. Correct. Similar is applicable for mounted storage. Mounted storage.
UPL University: Okay. Mounted storage pressurized system. Correct. Lpga propane propylene a Subco instead of outside mounted storage.
UPL University: It's a safer storage compared to any you can say.
UPL University: hot and spear storage, Kijagape. Yeah. Bullet storage, Kijagape. Correct
UPL University: tank same underground, completely. Tank ground. Perega.
UPL University: 10 ground peranga. But it's go purahi
UPL University: by concrete and some specific materials.
UPL University: Correct.
UPL University: So yeah. Mounted storage. Correct. The mounted storage also falls under same like underground, correct.
UPL University: underground or mount mounted, make a mounted
UPL University: serpes ke Uparaga, and protected by surrounding
UPL University: correct but under same underground vala case
UPL University: pooling jacket.
UPL University: Huh! Hmm.
UPL University: hmm, heuni, yoga
UPL University: EOPO. Esoga
UPL University: bulleted storage
UPL University: about grown correct. 31 capacity and pressure liquefied compress LNG Tokyoga
UPL University: be a legal wallet. Asa LNG cakes, let us say LNG will equal one. Okay, Olga.
UPL University: Huh?
UPL University: Hello, Njika. Composition normal.
Sanjay Joshi: Meet and muted.
UPL University: Rabar Abi Iska, density, care.
Sanjay Joshi: Lighter than air.
UPL University: Methanethyl, lighter than air, correct jabi, liquefied products.
UPL University: But let us say, large quantity. Kapulbana, though density will be different.
UPL University: Correct leak be considered liquefied products stored.
UPL University: Yeah. Cryogenic storage. Correct? Correct? What is the difference between cryogenic and pressurized storage?
UPL University: Huh?
UPL University: Lpg, zoratanal Us. Account or cryogenic bikersak town
UPL University: don't know.
Bakshi Manish: Can I check my chilling system again.
UPL University: Cryogenic, man.
Bakshi Manish: Under chilling condition will.
UPL University: Correct under ceiling. But main prakkay may.
UPL University: Atmospheric condition may atmospheric temperature pay component chemical atmospheric pressure clear either.
Bakshi Manish: Thank you.
UPL University: Normally they are not allowing correct. So normally, you will find all cryogenic storage, liquefied cryogenic storage.
UPL University: So it is possible that it will not form the similar cloud, like when it is released in a small quantities, small quantity may release and you need additional protection measure.
UPL University: Okay, next here, okay, paying for storage.
UPL University: Let us have. We have a tank storage.
UPL University: Ig bank, blue tank team tank.
UPL University: Yes, correct.
UPL University: Okay, let us say a cryogenica or a normal
UPL University: heavier than Aire, lighter than erender Daldiya Daike career, let us say, year distance.
UPL University: 10 meter. Should 1.2 meter per culture, 2 meter distance, 2 meter, a thin meter. Yaha pay
UPL University: manner.
UPL University: Similarly, thin meter. Should I? Or a do meter? Kadaige
UPL University: the dyke normally allowed nikarthyandometer 1.8 maximum correct.
UPL University: Okay. Normally 1.8 Kni Janae. Okay.
UPL University: yeah. Payment storage care, let us say, corn rupee. Yeah.
UPL University: or yay, a dome rupraga, let us say correct.
UPL University: Isco mana, nitrogen, blanketing, diahe isco nitrogen iscobi applicable condition, let us say yay pachasmetric 10 pakaleta
UPL University: lighter than array eab pandara metric Ton lelete or ea lada say, Pachis metric ton lelete.
UPL University: Okay.
UPL University: Same thin meter should be.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Sir, we have a cryotank as per the based on cryotank outer surface. Under, in between Kushni energy.
UPL University: Meter requirement. Not only char.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Like again, that's.
UPL University: Darurihe cryogenic tank storage down there. You cannot store any other tank.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Actually a big requirement Co, 2 kunka requirement.
UPL University: Correct.
UPL University: Okay.
Bakshi Manish: Shake.
UPL University: Kaprak Pradega.
Yogesh Chamadiya: Yeah.
Yogesh Chamadiya: perfect.
UPL University: Shelly karayo kebajo karayo ho sactai same services, honey. Dusi service.
UPL University: Tell you.
UPL University: Huh!
UPL University: Kon said, without nitrogen condition. Ogi
UPL University: without nitrogen lighter doesn't matter correct, heavier than air, nitrogen, caprovision
UPL University: zone, one sampling point, Nikola ojo applicable.
UPL University: There is no rotary equipment.
UPL University: Yes, Sir Nike, a distance charmeter a or a do meter a classification. Makauga.
UPL University: He's cool here. D maple. Now, Isco.
UPL University: or is common Hbo town, so d is greater than h correct
UPL University: d is greater than H. Toya mesa jatae Joon.
Sanjay Joshi: One.
UPL University: To me.
UPL University: HD. Is less than h compared to distance some of the app.
UPL University: Matlab, ye Mira tenka sheleh, or ye daike a piezo distance mana
UPL University: a distance come here compared to this height.
UPL University: Yeah, I do reason. Normally there is a natural current, natural current.
UPL University: One maya thai distance, Jadhaya heightga. Jon, who may clear.
UPL University: Yeah. Already. Same apco, nfp, correct.
UPL University: Okay, are we overall Sabka combination?
UPL University: Yeah. I go.
Sanjay Joshi: 1 h, and let.
UPL University: Huh!
Sanjay Joshi: 1 1 Bagel. I think.
UPL University: Bisca tank one. A correct, yes.
UPL University: correct curveball dia or height bidegni, let us say curveball dia, or height.
UPL University: 0 point 6 2 wala jo requirement, but yap
UPL University: separately, Karsakteo baki doko. Accordingly, Johaga accordingly, Abkarobi, clear, correct, can vary correct Tokyoga.
Sanjay Joshi: Like kinder. Allow me in.
UPL University: Intermediate storage. Tenke clear.
UPL University: Let us escalate. And Karaya marking email
UPL University: joby applicable. Tenka raiga uskobi apko marking me. Lena hay
UPL University: huh!
UPL University: Pump marking Mejanai. Correct lower loading top loading, unloading bottom. Unloading, central unloading.
UPL University: Huh?
UPL University: Host. Connection, residual part. Nikalta, the Utana, part 1.5 Mega supply.
UPL University: Okay, this may be, let us say, nitrogen, blanketed condition, blanketed tenkor. Go.
UPL University: Okay? So yeah. Tanker and Tenka combination.
UPL University: Okay, Abi
UPL University: column. Lati, O column Mega Og
UPL University: column latiot distillation. Column. Extraction. Column. Absorption, column
UPL University: column, Gillia, Applicable, Yoga and Yoga.
UPL University: Campaign applicable. Loga Column. A plan designer. Yeah. Correct joint weak point.
UPL University: Iskelava on Syriako considered Karnai.
Sanjay Joshi: Column, vending.
UPL University: Vending heat exchanger connected system, connected pumping system, nahi oti.
UPL University: and that you have to identify during layout.
UPL University: correct or plains could be important.
UPL University: Plans could be important, primarily.
Sanjay Joshi: Resonation.
UPL University: Now let us amend. Non classified area, semi-a line, Jara.
UPL University: correct. The Uskes memorabilia plans both. Important day.
UPL University: Okay. Non-classified areas. Agar vasimera line material. Valai.
UPL University: at least installation, correct normal condition, classified area.
UPL University: Correct. So always cover filter, let us say, a filter, press, a Tokyoga filter press.
UPL University: Better present Mejayga.
UPL University: Can you say the ground for pay.
UPL University: filter, press, scan the solvent, use oray, correct, awesome, open, solemn condition, containment, ki provisione, open collection.
UPL University: so let us say, open condition of alive, whether solvent use orai or water use Orai
UPL University: correct, but flammable material under Duska. Yeah.
UPL University: Vaporwala generation liquid. I to your classify my cache
UPL University: immediately contact Valayana Isley score 1 point
UPL University: always in a flammable condition. So that is why it is covered under that and agar ventilation.
UPL University: Radius nibul sector is jitna boxa correct, but O equal direction. Meh jar Jayaga utna radius. Ka
UPL University: correct. Yeah. Abco usme cover sampling point Leteho to Sme by default. A 1.5. Meter, Rapko
UPL University: zone, one lane or Uska, 1.5 meter. Correct radius. Voja gabka zone, 2 car requirement correct
UPL University: outer surface. Laguni yoga installation, but bakika box is a Sarpeske Baharjitani B. Chize, correct meter radiusko.
UPL University: Very clearly mentioned. Muska clause a Abia check
UPL University: huh?
UPL University: Auto logging in a classification case of say, Jayagana put ye underground. Kelly, Laguni, Yoga Matlab under the Us.
UPL University: Under Kabi focus. Always Bahar kepat mekhar nai
UPL University: clear. Similarly, petroleum products, petroleum products transfer ogiga gaseous formia liquid form, plain jaya strainer, aya.
UPL University: or koibbe component tire, correct, piping component, correct, abhiy normally open to atmosphere
UPL University: chances both come in but critically. Tika both
UPL University: easily disperse Ojayaga! Lighter, hoya, heavier, ho! Easily disperse, Ojayga! It will not affect your installations. Correct
UPL University: or installation. Boundaries.
Sanjay Joshi: French, or a.
UPL University: It's called John 2 Lakhtag.
Sanjay Joshi: 1.2 1.5 meter gander.
UPL University: Bent, Kelly petroleum carrying integrity, valley system, thin meter clause, Batag.
Sanjay Joshi: We'll do.
UPL University: 1.5 1 10 meter wala, a big
UPL University: Se. Line, let us say Emira plot plan a company or se line boundary page
UPL University: Q street light.
UPL University: Correct the whole point of view. Of course, protective measures. Linear. Correct. So that is why it is important.
UPL University: Okay.
UPL University: distillation mainly drain kana SEO, right correct venting Casio right?
UPL University: Or making a planes walk our hotel?
UPL University: Can I put that
UPL University: planes? Planes go always to me. Consider. So you want to correct once in a while.
UPL University: Normally service change over Karte, the acquiesc system. This map to always wo.
UPL University: Frequently Aiga operation man correct normally, distillation column, but containing system, correct, just a filter, a correct.
UPL University: Accordingly, Jasak. Time, so based on that it should be considered but normal distillation.
UPL University: Apo Ne milegavo normal disclination
UPL University: Mitya from my zone. 2 Ne lasag town ventilation, ventilation.
UPL University: Have some other day ventilation here.
UPL University: A beast, man.
UPL University: egg side pay opener, those side pay opener, thin side pay opener yasirp those side. Open those side close.
UPL University: those side open those side close, prevailing, windy conced direction.
UPL University: wind, direction, consit, perath, wind, direction, Joe prevailing. Agar wind directionebi, banana
UPL University: close. Okay. Manager. Installation, close condition. Manager.
UPL University: Mera. Installation. Y appel Abi yahape meneju close Kiana Abi Mehra wind direction.
UPL University: Toma Lasak town zone. 2.
UPL University: Again, it is having a different impact. Ventilation.
UPL University: ajuva installation app.
UPL University: At least I am seeing in Surat correct.
UPL University: But ventilation, both important use case, correct operation plus ventilation.
UPL University: Acha ventilation except Kush area mandatory.
UPL University: Why are you correct? Baki? Nayoga?
UPL University: Huh?
UPL University: Simple, simple example. Yeah. Of course. Mel Lagana
UPL University: Toby's own path. Correct? Normally. Ground floor bed smell like a Matlab ara hijara. Correct.
UPL University: That means it will give indication. So sometimes some.
UPL University: And that works okay, dusrahi etp etp. May Abka area classification measure.
UPL University: Emmy. Here go jayga et pika, and he there you go, me, Amy.
UPL University: multiplate evaporator, like I forward, forward. Oh, yeah, backward.
UPL University: Correct will be condition called like a feed. Forward your feed backward.
UPL University: Well, Jaga and hijayga.
UPL University: Huh!
UPL University: Daria, not necessary, correct, Apka, let us say normally, Apka.
UPL University: Solvent remove clear stripper, Laga, and it is working correct.
UPL University: But let us say initially, correct consideration. Last accordingly, check cold key system, whole key system, calling it.
UPL University: You're nailing it cold, conveying cold storage.
UPL University: Daiga and I, Daiga.
Sanjay Joshi: Yeah, I know.
UPL University: There I go classify me. Jayga, Ni jayga.
Sanjay Joshi: Diesel, Tank, Reagan, Tag.
UPL University: Fire pump house may normally get fire. Pumps are not non plumpy. Correct, major time. But let us say
UPL University: correct Dury. Raknega.
UPL University: clear, normally non-plane proof not required.
UPL University: How old is it?
UPL University: We will stop.
UPL University: Which order is a technical, is there?
UPL University: option is for the option area. But Agar, lunch break.
UPL University: did I?
UPL University: Are they gonna think about assembly actually on lunch
UPL University: along in our what I we don't work in birming agreement
UPL University: online team. You have any queries.
Bakshi Manish: No, no.
Sanjay Joshi: No.
Sathish Kumar: No, sir.
UPL University: Dust. Yeah. Vaporia. Mist. Yeah. Gas classification mechanism.
Bakshi Manish: Is your deflagration wind as a clergy.
UPL University: Conser.
Bakshi Manish: Deflagration.
UPL University: Actually petroleum products may applicable or site to site normally, layout plans.
Bakshi Manish: -
UPL University: Non-hazardous area petroleum products. It will, not having an impact.
Bakshi Manish: But.
UPL University: Correct back in normal, Joe thumb rule or Joe clause. Accordingly, thin meter, adequate ventilation, open ventilation, method, thin meter, taka radius, Lenaevska.
Bakshi Manish: Zone, one man.
UPL University: Joan to me.
Bakshi Manish: Okay. Okay.
UPL University: Correct.
Bakshi Manish: Right man.
UPL University: AI question.
UPL University: Let us say we se systems classification.
Bakshi Manish: Transport, Lago, Hagana.
UPL University: Correct, correct transport. Kelly, Lagu, Karnahai or Jobi applicables.
UPL University: Installation here loading here. Unloading here.
UPL University: Upkeep facility means only during startup
UPL University: puts solvent ya gas ya seque requirement. I, gina jaega
UPL University: correct normally, but much installations, temporary nature. But us once in a while particularly important oil
UPL University: and gaso facility. Once it is circulated in the system, then only system will get start. But temporary arrangement that also goes under the classification correct.
UPL University: but that should needs to be considered under this correct Orquay.
Bakshi Manish: More quick clarity.
UPL University: Tp mail, correct, etp.
Bakshi Manish: I don't think.
UPL University: Stati call apart, separately addressed, static.
UPL University: yeah. Could normally dh analysis, including Abkaju. Installation.
Bakshi Manish: Let's see.
UPL University: Hey! Already here
UPL University: it can't get a quick assignment, at least. Pandra different.
UPL University: Oh, assignment site specific. So that is what classify career scenario some other day.
UPL University: Same system, let us say, but tanker
UPL University: different chemical, different company may differenti, small tanker, large tanker, correct isolated facility, correct everything matters for the marking.
UPL University: Already here slide, may we have provided
UPL University: electrical wall apartment manager classification method that is very typical and challenging.
UPL University: correct or both important. Leliana Tobi problem oil immersed.
UPL University: Important that electrical team should consider dust classification additional requirement competent as per requirement of IC,
UPL University: or are, they can get a Bb
UPL University: who competency is your requirement and a copc. Both competency as India may be.
UPL University: Marla, Buque, Jo Carbateo. Outside most of the either European side. Inquire. It was in Singapore correct. So
UPL University: my electrical engineer side ob requirement
UPL University: classification, I will. Maybe I will show you that part which is available or locations normally generally prefer.
UPL University: Actually, when I cut paste market like I have it, but it is in a Pdf form.
UPL University: so maybe you can borrow it, but it is taken from Fcg correct, because that is not my document. It's Fcg document
UPL University: like. So we'll share with you.
UPL University: Okay, so any other assignment, Dina, correct
UPL University: assignment scenarios requirement. Accordingly, Ap said, condition abkobat.
UPL University: So, of course, correct.
UPL University: Additionally, consider ventilation adequate, non-adequate, close conditions.
UPL University: or completely your requirement. That should be an address, correct or weapons mandatory requirement.
UPL University: But Duskaju report requirement usme Kuch parameter scheme, mandatory requirement correct.
UPL University: So, Joe, already it is in my slide. It is already available in my slide. So those parameters must be reported confidential data.
UPL University: There is different thing. But would data.
UPL University: Okay, a mandatory requirement here.
UPL University: Consideration. I correct.
UPL University: So with this, I think we can stop.
UPL University: I will be available. Correct. So any doubt, though, or would.
UPL University: Don't worry, I will call back, but you can call anytime correct assignment related, so you can clarify anytime
UPL University: requirement. That reference also, I will let you know. Correct Jobi reference guidelines may. Okay.
UPL University: So with this online team we are closing or winding up up to our today's presentation.
UPL University: If you have any query we can sort out, and you will have a assignment. One assignment will be given
UPL University: in that you have to provide
UPL University: some questions in a writing plus some exercise correct. Now, in that exercise
UPL University: you have to carry out according to your site. You can take your assumptions correct, but scenario will be provided from my side. Correct. So at least. We'll see. Based on your assignment criteria. How many those scenarios we can
UPL University: incorporate in your assignment? Correct, because you have to submit it very quickly. Also, I think
UPL University: so. Accordingly, we'll provide correct, so that we'll decide internally and let you know correct. And this presentation you will receive by tomorrow in Pdf form, correct so completely.
Bakshi Manish: Ugly.
UPL University: Abu, later.
Bakshi Manish: Just after submitting the assignment, how we can know that that is correct or not. But whatever we have submitted, so can we have one session for that half an hour at least. Online, maybe.
UPL University: Actually, what we can do is that we can check.
Bakshi Manish: Hi! Ray!
UPL University: Correct.
Bakshi Manish: Thank you. Thank you.
UPL University: So then we can have such kind of thing so that it will be helpful for the moderator and other teams also correct. So that will be easy, for
UPL University: at least you will be in position to write something in a exam. So that was the reason we kept calculation only because calculation.
UPL University: So that was the purpose. We'll decide internally with the University team, and based on that, we will provide correct.
Sanjay Joshi: Training, one is better.
UPL University: Yeah, so that is what the experience we consider that part.
UPL University: and mostly provisions or Joe industry.
UPL University: normal Joe, important part a that is only covered under that assignment, correct.
UPL University: So submit. Aki. Assignment, part one and part 2. Clear.
UPL University: correct, maybe assignment may part one, writing, part 2, which is exercise according correct.
Bakshi Manish: Hmm definite.
UPL University: Okay, but I will circulate. I will circulate correct.
UPL University: So that with formula n, that part. So at least you will have some idea. Okay? So maybe calculation normally, electrical value team normally calculate, although I am not going for that part.
UPL University: But Chaito Uskabi calculation plus Uskabi Chayato, we can incorporate correct.
UPL University: So with this we will close our and there are tightly
UPL University: tight timelines for assignment. Correct, Sir Kitna. Time, Milega.
UPL University: 2 weeks. Okay, 2 weeks will be the timeline for assignment, submission correct? So at least, or ik request a copyga.
UPL University: I have to.
UPL University: Yes, yes, they can present.
UPL University: We can have
UPL University: so like a quick way problem. That is also good.
UPL University: A pencil, your pencil marking
UPL University: correct. Correct?
UPL University: Yeah. Let me actually normally evaluation letters.
UPL University: Correct. They say. I think last time amneic assignment. Both the pew students have carried out, I think, both
UPL University: challenging, but it is not like installation, different different area or table. 1 h, correct 100 installation gap.
UPL University: So that was the purpose for that assignment. But both pild me so that option was there.
UPL University: 16 kai radius bogalathe.
UPL University: But I wanna
UPL University: so okay, so we'll stop this and we'll have a assignment. So up lunch, okay, online team. We are closing our today's session.
Bakshi Manish: Thank you. Thank you.
Sanjay Joshi: Thank you, sir.